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Lesson 6A1

Pronouns & 'To Be' / 'To Have'

സർവ്വനാമങ്ങളും 'to be'/'to have' ഉം

English's verb 'to be' reshapes itself for almost every pronoun. Malayalam's equivalent, ആണ്, never changes at all — one word does the whole job.

Grammar Comparison

Grammar Comparison

'To be' changes shape; ആണ് doesn't

English

I am, you are, he is, we are, they are — five different forms

Malayalam (previous course)

ഞാൻ ആണ്, നീ ആണ്, അവൻ ആണ് — ആണ് never changes

English's 'to be' is famously irregular: am, is, and are are three unrelated-looking words covering one idea. Malayalam's ആണ് (aanu) stays fixed no matter who or what you're talking about — the pronoun in front of it does all the work of showing who's being described.

'To have' is its own verb; Malayalam builds possession from 'there is'

English

I have, you have, she has — a dedicated possession verb, irregular in the third person

Malayalam (previous course)

എനിക്കുണ്ട് (to-me there-is) — no separate verb 'to have' exists

English treats having something as its own verb, with its own irregular third-person form (has). Malayalam has no equivalent verb at all — instead, it attaches 'there is' (ഉണ്ട്) to the possessor marked with a dative-like ending, so 'I have' literally reads as 'to me, there is'.

Vocabulary

Vocabulary

Ieye
Malayalam (previous course)
ഞാൻnjan
hehee
Malayalam (previous course)
അവൻavan
sheshee
Malayalam (previous course)
അവൾaval
wewee
Malayalam (previous course)
ഞങ്ങൾnjangal
theythay
Malayalam (previous course)
അവർavar
I ameye am
Malayalam (previous course)
ഞാൻ ആണ്njan aanu
you areyoo ar
Malayalam (previous course)
നീ ആണ്nee aanu
it isit iz
Malayalam (previous course)
അത് ആണ്athu aanu
I haveeye hav
Malayalam (previous course)
എനിക്കുണ്ട്enikkundu
she hasshee haz
Malayalam (previous course)
അവൾക്കുണ്ട്avalkkundu