Purpose Clauses: pour que vs. pour + infinitif
Purpose Clauses: pour que बनाम pour + infinitif
Purpose clauses split by the same same-subject test you met with vouloir in the subjonctif lesson: one person's purpose uses a plain infinitive, two different people's purposes force a full subjonctif clause. Hindi's own purpose marker, ताकि, already pulls in Hindi's subjunctive whenever a purpose clause appears — so the underlying logic here isn't new, just dressed in French words.
Grammar Comparison
व्याकरण तुलना
Same subject vs. different subject decides the tool — and Hindi already makes a related check
Je parle fort pour être entendu. (I speak loudly to be heard — same subject) vs. Je parle fort pour que tu m'entendes. (I speak loudly so that YOU hear me — different subject)
मैं ज़ोर से बोलता/बोलती हूँ ताकि सुना जा सकूँ। बनाम मैं ज़ोर से बोलता/बोलती हूँ ताकि तुम मुझे सुन सको।
Just like the je veux que vs. je veux + infinitif choice from Lesson 40, pour + infinitive is only grammatical when the purpose and the main clause share the same subject; the moment a second person is involved, pour que takes over and opens its own subjonctif clause with its own subject (que tu m'entendes). Hindi's ताकि doesn't split into two different words the way French does — it stays ताकि either way — but it does always pull in Hindi's subjunctive (सुन सको, सुना जा सकूँ) regardless of whether the subject changes, which goes a step further than French: French only demands the mood-shifted clause when the subject changes, dropping to a plain infinitive when it doesn't, while Hindi's ताकि keeps its subjunctive verb in both cases. Don't let ताकि's consistency tempt you into skipping que in French when the subject stays the same — French's stricter same-subject/different-subject test still applies even though Hindi doesn't make that particular cut.
afin que / afin de: the same split, more formal
afin que + subjonctif (different subject) / afin de + infinitif (same subject)
ताकि (औपचारिक, अलग कर्ता) / के लिए (औपचारिक, वही कर्ता)
afin que and afin de work exactly like pour que and pour + infinitif, just pitched at a more formal, written register. Hindi doesn't mark this same que/de-style split with different formal words — ताकि covers the different-subject purpose case in both casual and formal Hindi, while के लिए ('for the sake of' + verbal noun) can stand in for the same-subject case, दौड़ने के लिए ('in order to run') — so where French swaps in an entirely different, fancier-sounding pair of words for formal register, Hindi tends to keep the same core words and let vocabulary choice elsewhere in the sentence signal formality instead.
Vocabulary
शब्दावली
- Hindi
- के लिएke lie
- English
- in order to (same subject)
- Hindi
- ताकिtāki
- English
- so that (different subject)
- Hindi
- के लिए (औपचारिक)ke lie (aupcārik)
- English
- in order to (formal, same subject)
- Hindi
- ताकि (औपचारिक)tāki (aupcārik)
- English
- so that (formal, different subject)
- Hindi
- मैं पुष्टि करने के लिए फ़ोन कर रहा/रही हूँ।maiñ puṣṭi karne ke lie fon kar rahā/rahī hūñ
- English
- I'm calling to confirm.
- Hindi
- मैं फ़ोन कर रहा/रही हूँ ताकि तुम पुष्टि करो।maiñ fon kar rahā/rahī hūñ tāki tum puṣṭi karo
- English
- I'm calling so that you confirm.