Adjective Endings Without an Article
बिना आर्टिकल के विशेषण-अंत
When no article comes before a noun — no der/die/das or ein/eine — the adjective itself has to carry the case, gender, and number information the article would normally show. In Hindi, every adjective is always in this exact situation, since Hindi never has an article at all!
Grammar Comparison
व्याकरण तुलना
Strong endings: the adjective borrows the article's ending — an everyday situation for Hindi
guter Wein, kalte Milch, warmes Brot, frische Äpfel
अच्छी शराब, ठंडा दूध, गर्म रोटी, ताज़े सेब
This is a genuinely new habit in English, but it's Hindi's everyday normal situation — Hindi never has an article, so every adjective is always in this 'no article' state and signals gender/number on its own (अच्छी शराब, ठंडा दूध, ताज़े सेब)! In German, when no der-word or ein-word comes before the noun, the adjective takes an almost-definite-article-like 'strong' ending: guter Wein (like der Wein), kalte Milch (like die Milch), warmes Brot (like das Brot), frische Äpfel (like die Äpfel, plural). What Hindi adjectives always do, German adjectives only do in this one specific situation.
Exceptions in the genitive and dative
bei gutem Wetter (dative) / trotz starken Regens (genitive)
अच्छे मौसम में / भारी बारिश के बावजूद
Two spots break the 'copy the definite article' pattern. Masculine and neuter genitive singular adjectives take -en, not -es, because the noun itself already shows the genitive with -s/-es (trotz starken Regens, not starkes Regens — Regens already signals the genitive, so the adjective doesn't need to double down). The dative singular always takes -em for masculine/neuter and -er for feminine, matching dem/der: bei gutem Wetter, bei kalter Milch. These are best memorized as a small table.
Vocabulary
शब्दावली
| German | Pronunciation | Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| guter Kaffee | GOO-ter kah-FAY | अच्छी कॉफ़ीacchī kŏfī | good coffee |
| kalte Milch | KAHL-teh milkh | ठंडा दूधṭhanḍā dūdh | cold milk |
| warmes Wasser | VAR-mes VAH-ser | गर्म पानीgarm pānī | warm water |
| frisches Obst | FRISH-es ohpst | ताज़ा फलtāzā phal | fresh fruit |
| bei gutem Wetter | by GOO-tem VET-er | अच्छे मौसम मेंacche mausam meñ | in good weather |
| trotz starken Regens | trots SHTAR-ken RAY-gens | भारी बारिश के बावजूदbhārī bāriś ke bāvjūd | despite heavy rain |
| mit großer Freude | mit GROH-ser FROY-deh | बड़ी खुशी सेbaṛī khuśī se | with great joy |
| schöne Blumen | SHER-neh BLOO-men | सुंदर फूलsundar phūl | beautiful flowers |