Object Pronouns: Accusative & Dative
कर्म सर्वनाम: Accusative और Dative
In Hindi, 'मुझे' is often used for both the direct-object and indirect-object roles. German splits these into two separate pronoun sets — accusative and dative — and also fixes their order when both appear together.
Grammar Comparison
व्याकरण तुलना
Two complete pronoun sets
Er sieht mich. (accusative) vs. Er hilft mir. (dative)
वह मुझे देखता है। बनाम वह मेरी मदद करता है।
Hindi often uses the same form 'मुझे' in both places, whether it's a direct or indirect object. German keeps the accusative object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn, sie, es, uns, euch, sie) separate from the dative object pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr, ihm, uns, euch, ihnen) — you need to know whether the verb takes a direct object (accusative) or an indirect object (dative) to pick the right form.
Order of two pronoun objects: accusative first, dative second
Ich gebe es ihm. (I give it to him — accusative pronoun es comes before dative pronoun ihm)
मैं उसे यह देता हूँ। — Hindi word order here is relatively flexible
When both objects are pronouns, German fixes the order: the accusative pronoun comes before the dative pronoun (Ich gebe es ihm) — the reverse of the noun-order rule (a dative noun comes before an accusative noun: Ich gebe dem Mann das Buch). Hindi has no such strict rule for pronoun order, so treat this as a German-specific rule to memorize: with two pronouns, accusative always leads.
Vocabulary
शब्दावली
| German | Pronunciation | Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| mich | mikh | मुझे (accusative)mujhe | me (accusative) |
| dich | dikh | तुम्हें (accusative)tumheñ | you (accusative, informal singular) |
| ihn | een | उसे (पुल्लिंग, accusative)use | him / it (accusative, masculine) |
| sie | zee | उसे (स्त्रीलिंग, accusative)use | her / it (accusative, feminine) |
| es | es | इसे (नपुंसकलिंग, accusative)ise | it (accusative, neuter) |
| uns | oons | हमें (accusative और dative)hameñ | us (accusative & dative) |
| euch | oykh | तुम सबको (accusative और dative)tum sabko | you all (accusative & dative, informal plural) |
| mir | meer | मुझे (dative)mujhe | to me (dative) |
| dir | deer | तुम्हें (dative)tumheñ | to you (dative, informal singular) |
| ihm | eem | उसे (पुल्लिंग/नपुंसकलिंग, dative)use | to him / to it (dative, masculine/neuter) |
| ihr | eer | उसे (स्त्रीलिंग, dative)use | to her (dative, feminine) |
| ihnen | EE-nen | उन्हें (dative)unheñ | to them (dative) |
| Ihnen | EE-nen | आपको (dative, औपचारिक)āpko | to you (dative, formal) |