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Lesson 5A1

Articles & Gender

Articles & Gender

Every Italian noun is masculine or feminine, and the little word in front of it — il, la, lo, l' — has to match. It looks fussy at first, but it follows clear, learnable rules.

Grammar Comparison

Grammar Comparison

-o Is (Usually) Masculine, -a Is (Usually) Feminine

Italian

il ragazzo / la ragazza

English

the boy / the girl

Nouns ending in -o are almost always masculine and take il (singular) / i (plural). Nouns ending in -a are almost always feminine and take la (singular) / le (plural). Nouns ending in -e can be either gender — there's no shortcut, you simply learn each one's gender along with the word itself, the same way you'd memorize der/die/das in German.

lo and gli: For Awkward Masculine Sounds

Italian

lo studente, gli studenti

English

the student, the students

Masculine nouns starting with z, s+consonant (sp-, st-, sc-...), gn, ps, or x use lo (singular) and gli (plural) instead of il/i — these consonant clusters are awkward to run straight into 'l'. Any singular noun, masculine or feminine, starting with a vowel instead uses l', e.g. l'amico (m), l'amica (f) — smoothing over the vowel clash.

Vocabulary

Vocabulary

il ragazzoeel rah-GAHT-tsoh
English
the boy
la ragazzalah rah-GAHT-tsah
English
the girl
lo studenteloh stoo-DEHN-teh
English
the student (m)
gli studentilyee stoo-DEHN-tee
English
the students (m)
l'amicolah-MEE-koh
English
the friend (m)
l'amicalah-MEE-kah
English
the friend (f)
il libroeel LEE-broh
English
the book
la pennalah PEHN-nah
English
the pen
lo zainoloh DZAH-ee-noh
English
the backpack
i libriee LEE-bree
English
the books
le penneleh PEHN-neh
English
the pens
l'acquaLAHK-kwah
English
the water