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Lesson 10A1

Present Tense Verbs

Present Tense Verbs

Regular Italian verbs fall into three families by their infinitive ending — -are, -ere, -ire — and each family conjugates in its own predictable pattern.

Grammar Comparison

Grammar Comparison

Three Verb Families, Three Patterns

Italian

parlare, prendere, dormire

English

to speak, to take, to sleep

An infinitive's last three letters tell you which conjugation pattern to use. -are is the largest and most regular family (parlare → parlo, parli, parla, parliamo, parlate, parlano). -ere and -ire verbs follow their own endings, but all three families share the same underlying logic: strip the infinitive ending, add endings that mark person and number.

-ire Verbs Split Into Two Patterns

Italian

dormire → dormo, capire → capisco

English

to sleep → I sleep, to understand → I understand

Most -ire verbs conjugate directly off the stem, like dormire → dormo. A large second group instead inserts -isc- before the ending in the io, tu, lui/lei, and loro forms (but not noi/voi): capire → capisco, capisci, capisce, capiamo, capite, capiscono. There's no way to predict which pattern a new -ire verb follows from its infinitive alone — it has to be learned per verb.

Vocabulary

Vocabulary

parloPAHR-loh
English
I speak
parliPAHR-lee
English
you speak
parlaPAHR-lah
English
he/she speaks
parliamopahr-LYAH-moh
English
we speak
parlatepahr-LAH-teh
English
you all speak
parlanoPAHR-lah-noh
English
they speak
prendoPREHN-doh
English
I take
prendePREHN-deh
English
he/she takes
dormoDOR-moh
English
I sleep
dormeDOR-meh
English
he/she sleeps
capiscokah-PEE-skoh
English
I understand
capiamokah-PYAH-moh
English
we understand