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Lesson 4A1

Family

కుటుంబం

Family words are some of the first nouns worth learning, and they introduce a Polish quirk Telugu has no real parallel for: a noun's ending doesn't always predict its gender.

Grammar Comparison

వ్యాకరణ పోలిక

tata Looks Feminine But Isn't — Telugu Nouns Don't Mark Gender by Ending at All

Polish

tata, kolega

Telugu

నాన్న, (మగ) స్నేహితుడు

Nouns ending in -a are usually feminine in Polish, but a small, important group of masculine nouns referring to men also end in -a — tata (dad) is the clearest example. Adjectives and verbs describing tata still agree with masculine gender ('mój tata', not 'moja tata'), even though the noun's ending looks feminine at a glance. Telugu gives you no prior instinct to lean on here: Telugu nouns don't carry grammatical gender in their spelling or ending the way Polish nouns do — నాన్న (dad) is simply a word, with gender only showing up separately in pronouns and verb agreement, never in the noun's own form.

Mama/Tata vs. Matka/Ojciec

Polish

mama / tata

Telugu

అమ్మ / నాన్న

Mama and tata are the everyday, affectionate terms you'll hear constantly in conversation — the same warm register as Telugu's అమ్మ and నాన్న. Matka and ojciec are more formal or clinical-sounding, closer to 'mother' and 'father' used at a distance, and feel stiff in casual talk about your own family, the way an overly formal Telugu term would.

Vocabulary

పదజాలం

rodzinaroh-JEE-nah
Telugu
కుటుంబంkutumbam
English
the family
mamaMAH-mah
Telugu
అమ్మamma
English
mom
tataTAH-tah
Telugu
నాన్నnaanna
English
dad
bratbraht
Telugu
సోదరుడుsodarudu
English
brother
siostraSHYOH-strah
Telugu
సోదరిsodari
English
sister
synsin
Telugu
కొడుకుkoduku
English
son
córkaTSOOR-kah
Telugu
కూతురుkooturu
English
daughter
mążmownzh
Telugu
భర్తbharta
English
husband
żonaZHOH-nah
Telugu
భార్యbhaarya
English
wife
dziadkowiejahd-KOH-vyeh
Telugu
తాతయ్య నాయనమ్మtaatayya naayanamma
English
grandparents
wujekVOO-yek
Telugu
మామయ్యmaamayya
English
uncle
ciociaCHOH-chah
Telugu
అత్త / పిన్నిatta / pinni
English
aunt