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Lesson 46A2

Relative Pronouns: Que & Quien

Relative Pronouns: Que & Quien

English can often drop its relative pronoun entirely ('the book I read'). Spanish's que can never be dropped — it's a required word every single time.

Grammar Comparison

Grammar Comparison

Que is never optional

Spanish

el libro que leí (the book that I read) — que must stay

English

the book I read / the book that I read — 'that' is entirely optional here

English frequently drops 'that' or 'which' in casual speech without losing any clarity, but Spanish que can never be omitted the same way — leaving it out produces an ungrammatical sentence, not just an informal one. Get used to always including que when connecting two ideas about the same noun.

Quien is only for people, and only after a preposition or comma

Spanish

la persona con quien hablé (the person with whom I spoke) — quien, not que, after 'con'

English

the person I spoke with / the person with whom I spoke — 'who'/'whom' either way

Quien (who) is reserved for people, and mainly shows up right after a preposition (con quien, para quien) or set off by commas — in most everyday sentences connecting a person to a description, que is still used instead. This is a narrower role than English 'who', which is used far more freely.

Vocabulary

Vocabulary

quekeh
English
that / which / who
quienkee-EN
English
who / whom
el libro que leíel LEE-broh keh leh-EE
English
the book that I read
la mujer que conozcolah moo-HEHR keh koh-NOHS-koh
English
the woman I know
con quien hablékohn kee-EN ah-BLEH
English
with whom I spoke
el hombre que vive aquíel OHM-breh keh VEE-veh ah-KEE
English
the man who lives here
lo que dijisteloh keh dee-HEES-teh
English
what you said
la casa donde vivolah KAH-sah DOHN-deh VEE-voh
English
the house where I live
el día que llegasteel DEE-ah keh yeh-GAHS-teh
English
the day (that) you arrived
las personas que conozcolahs pehr-SOH-nahs keh koh-NOHS-koh
English
the people I know