German Vocab Bank
All words from lessons
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| German | Pronunciation | English | Lesson |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hallo | HAH-loh | Hello | Greetings & Formality |
| Guten Morgen | GOO-ten MOR-gen | Good morning | Greetings & Formality |
| Guten Tag | GOO-ten TAHK | Good day | Greetings & Formality |
| Guten Abend | GOO-ten AH-bent | Good evening | Greetings & Formality |
| Gute Nacht | GOO-teh nahkht | Good night | Greetings & Formality |
| Auf Wiedersehen | owf VEE-der-zayn | Goodbye (formal) | Greetings & Formality |
| Tschüss | chuess | Bye (informal) | Greetings & Formality |
| Bis später | bis SHPAY-ter | See you later | Greetings & Formality |
| Danke | DAHN-keh | Thanks | Greetings & Formality |
| Bitte | BIT-teh | Please / You're welcome | Greetings & Formality |
| Wie geht's dir? | vee gates deer | How are you? (informal) | Greetings & Formality |
| Wie geht es Ihnen? | vee gate es EE-nen | How are you? (formal) | Greetings & Formality |
| Mir geht's gut | meer gates goot | I'm doing well | Greetings & Formality |
| Herr / Frau | hair / frow | Mr. / Ms.-Mrs. | Greetings & Formality |
| ä | eh | umlaut a, like 'e' in 'bed' | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| ö | ur (rounded lips) | umlaut o, no English equivalent | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| ü | ew (rounded lips) | umlaut u, no English equivalent | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| ß | ss | scharfes S / Eszett, always an 's' sound | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| ch (after a, o, u) | kh (back of throat) | as in Buch (book) | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| ch (after e, i) | ish | as in ich (I) | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| ei | eye | as in nein (no) | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| ie | ee | as in Sie (you, formal) | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| sp-, st- (word-initial) | shp-, sht- | as in sprechen, Stadt | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| w | v (English 'v' sound) | as in Wasser (water) | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| v | f (usually English 'f' sound) | as in Vater (father) | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| z | ts | as in Zeit (time) | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| ich | ikh | I | Personal Pronouns & 'to be' / 'to have' |
| du | doo | you (informal singular) | Personal Pronouns & 'to be' / 'to have' |
| er | air | he | Personal Pronouns & 'to be' / 'to have' |
| sie | zee | she / they | Personal Pronouns & 'to be' / 'to have' |
| es | es | it | Personal Pronouns & 'to be' / 'to have' |
| wir | veer | we | Personal Pronouns & 'to be' / 'to have' |
| ihr | eer | you (informal plural) | Personal Pronouns & 'to be' / 'to have' |
| Sie | zee | you (formal) | Personal Pronouns & 'to be' / 'to have' |
| ich bin | ikh bin | I am | Personal Pronouns & 'to be' / 'to have' |
| du bist | doo bist | you are | Personal Pronouns & 'to be' / 'to have' |
| ich habe | ikh HAH-beh | I have | Personal Pronouns & 'to be' / 'to have' |
| du hast | doo hahst | you have | Personal Pronouns & 'to be' / 'to have' |
| der Tisch | dair tish | the table | Articles & Gender (Nominative) |
| die Lampe | dee LAHM-peh | the lamp | Articles & Gender (Nominative) |
| das Buch | dahs bookh | the book | Articles & Gender (Nominative) |
| der Mann | dair mahn | the man | Articles & Gender (Nominative) |
| die Frau | dee frow | the woman | Articles & Gender (Nominative) |
| das Kind | dahs kint | the child | Articles & Gender (Nominative) |
| der Stuhl | dair shtool | the chair | Articles & Gender (Nominative) |
| die Tür | dee tewr | the door | Articles & Gender (Nominative) |
| das Fenster | dahs FEN-ster | the window | Articles & Gender (Nominative) |
| die Sonne | dee ZON-neh | the sun | Articles & Gender (Nominative) |
| dieser Mann | DEE-zer mahn | this man | Demonstrative Pronouns: dieser, diese, dieses |
| diese Frau | DEE-zeh frow | this woman | Demonstrative Pronouns: dieser, diese, dieses |
| dieses Kind | DEE-zes kint | this child | Demonstrative Pronouns: dieser, diese, dieses |
| diese Männer | DEE-zeh MEN-er | these men (plural) | Demonstrative Pronouns: dieser, diese, dieses |
| jener Tag | YAY-ner tahk | that day (more formal/literary) | Demonstrative Pronouns: dieser, diese, dieses |
| der Hund → die Hunde | dair hoont → dee HOON-deh | the dog → the dogs | Plural Nouns |
| das Auto → die Autos | dahs OW-toh → dee OW-tohs | the car → the cars | Plural Nouns |
| die Frau → die Frauen | dee frow → dee FROW-en | the woman → the women | Plural Nouns |
| der Mann → die Männer | dair mahn → dee MEN-er | the man → the men | Plural Nouns |
| das Fenster → die Fenster | dahs FEN-ster → dee FEN-ster | the window → the windows | Plural Nouns |
| das Kind → die Kinder | dahs kint → dee KIN-der | the child → the children | Plural Nouns |
| die Stadt → die Städte | dee shtaht → dee SHTEH-teh | the city → the cities | Plural Nouns |
| eins | eyns | one | Numbers 1–10 |
| zwei | tsvy | two | Numbers 1–10 |
| drei | dry | three | Numbers 1–10 |
| vier | feer | four | Numbers 1–10 |
| fünf | fewnf | five | Numbers 1–10 |
| sechs | zeks | six | Numbers 1–10 |
| sieben | ZEE-ben | seven | Numbers 1–10 |
| acht | ahkht | eight | Numbers 1–10 |
| neun | noyn | nine | Numbers 1–10 |
| zehn | tsayn | ten | Numbers 1–10 |
| null | nool | zero | Numbers 1–10 |
| elf | elf | eleven | Numbers 11–100 |
| zwölf | tsverlf | twelve | Numbers 11–100 |
| dreizehn | DRY-tsayn | thirteen | Numbers 11–100 |
| zwanzig | TSVAHN-tsikh | twenty | Numbers 11–100 |
| einundzwanzig | eyn-oont-TSVAHN-tsikh | twenty-one | Numbers 11–100 |
| dreißig | DRY-sikh | thirty | Numbers 11–100 |
| vierzig | FEER-tsikh | forty | Numbers 11–100 |
| fünfzig | FEWNF-tsikh | fifty | Numbers 11–100 |
| sechzig | ZEKH-tsikh | sixty | Numbers 11–100 |
| siebzig | ZEEP-tsikh | seventy | Numbers 11–100 |
| achtzig | AHKH-tsikh | eighty | Numbers 11–100 |
| neunzig | NOYN-tsikh | ninety | Numbers 11–100 |
| hundert | HOON-dert | one hundred | Numbers 11–100 |
| die Familie | dee fah-MEE-lee-eh | the family | Family |
| der Vater | dair FAH-ter | the father | Family |
| die Mutter | dee MOOT-ter | the mother | Family |
| der Bruder | dair BROO-der | the brother | Family |
| die Schwester | dee SHVES-ter | the sister | Family |
| der Sohn | dair zohn | the son | Family |
| die Tochter | dee TOKH-ter | the daughter | Family |
| die Eltern | dee EL-tern | the parents | Family |
| die Großmutter | dee GROHS-moot-ter | the grandmother | Family |
| der Großvater | dair GROHS-fah-ter | the grandfather | Family |
| das Mädchen | dahs MAYT-khen | the girl | Family |
| der Junge | dair YOONG-eh | the boy | Family |
| Ich sehe den Mann. | ikh ZAY-eh dayn mahn | I see the man. | Accusative Case |
| Ich sehe die Frau. | ikh ZAY-eh dee frow | I see the woman. | Accusative Case |
| Ich sehe das Kind. | ikh ZAY-eh dahs kint | I see the child. | Accusative Case |
| Ich habe einen Hund. | ikh HAH-beh EYE-nen hoont | I have a dog. | Accusative Case |
| Ich kaufe einen Apfel. | ikh KOW-feh EYE-nen AHP-fel | I buy an apple. | Accusative Case |
| für den Mann | fewr dayn mahn | for the man | Accusative Case |
| was | vahs | what | Question Words |
| wer | vair | who | Question Words |
| wo | voh | where | Question Words |
| wann | vahn | when | Question Words |
| warum | vah-ROOM | why | Question Words |
| wie | vee | how | Question Words |
| welche(r/s) | VEL-kheh | which | Question Words |
| wie viel | vee feel | how much | Question Words |
| wie viele | vee FEE-leh | how many | Question Words |
| Wer kommt? | vair komt | Who is coming? (nominative) | wer's Full Declension: wessen, wem, wen |
| Wen siehst du? | vayn zeest doo | Whom do you see? (accusative) | wer's Full Declension: wessen, wem, wen |
| Wem hilfst du? | vaym hilfst doo | Whom are you helping? (dative) | wer's Full Declension: wessen, wem, wen |
| Wessen Buch ist das? | VES-en bookh ist dahs | Whose book is this? (genitive) | wer's Full Declension: wessen, wem, wen |
| ich kann | ikh kahn | I can | Modal Verbs |
| ich muss | ikh moos | I must | Modal Verbs |
| ich will | ikh vil | I want to | Modal Verbs |
| ich möchte | ikh MERKH-teh | I would like to | Modal Verbs |
| ich darf | ikh dahrf | I may / am allowed to | Modal Verbs |
| ich soll | ikh zol | I am supposed to | Modal Verbs |
| Ich kann Deutsch sprechen. | ikh kahn doytsh SHPREKH-en | I can speak German. | Modal Verbs |
| Ich muss jetzt gehen. | ikh moos yetst GAY-en | I have to go now. | Modal Verbs |
| aufstehen | OWF-shtay-en | to get up | Daily Routine & Separable Verbs |
| aufwachen | OWF-vahkh-en | to wake up | Daily Routine & Separable Verbs |
| anziehen | AHN-tsee-en | to get dressed | Daily Routine & Separable Verbs |
| frühstücken | FREW-shtewk-en | to eat breakfast | Daily Routine & Separable Verbs |
| einkaufen | EYN-kow-fen | to shop / go grocery shopping | Daily Routine & Separable Verbs |
| fernsehen | FAIRN-zay-en | to watch TV | Daily Routine & Separable Verbs |
| ausgehen | OWS-gay-en | to go out | Daily Routine & Separable Verbs |
| einschlafen | EYN-shlah-fen | to fall asleep | Daily Routine & Separable Verbs |
| Ich stehe um sieben Uhr auf. | ikh SHTAY-eh oom ZEE-ben oor owf | I get up at seven o'clock. | Daily Routine & Separable Verbs |
| die Speisekarte | dee SHPY-zeh-kar-teh | the menu | Food & Ordering |
| der Kaffee | dair KAH-fay | the coffee | Food & Ordering |
| das Wasser | dahs VAH-ser | the water | Food & Ordering |
| das Brot | dahs broht | the bread | Food & Ordering |
| die Suppe | dee ZOOP-eh | the soup | Food & Ordering |
| das Fleisch | dahs flysh | the meat | Food & Ordering |
| das Gemüse | dahs geh-MEW-zeh | the vegetables | Food & Ordering |
| Ich möchte..., bitte. | ikh MERKH-teh ... BIT-teh | I would like..., please. | Food & Ordering |
| Die Rechnung, bitte. | dee REKH-noong BIT-teh | The check, please. | Food & Ordering |
| Guten Appetit! | GOO-ten ah-peh-TEET | Enjoy your meal! | Food & Ordering |
| lecker | LEK-er | tasty / delicious | Food & Ordering |
| kein / keine | kyn / KY-neh | no / not any (negating a noun) | Negation: nicht vs. kein |
| nicht | nikht | not (negating a verb/adjective) | Negation: nicht vs. kein |
| Ich habe kein Geld. | ikh HAH-beh kyn gelt | I have no money. | Negation: nicht vs. kein |
| Das ist nicht gut. | dahs ist nikht goot | That's not good. | Negation: nicht vs. kein |
| Ich verstehe nicht. | ikh fer-SHTAY-eh nikht | I don't understand. | Negation: nicht vs. kein |
| Ich habe keine Zeit. | ikh HAH-beh KY-neh tsyt | I have no time. | Negation: nicht vs. kein |
| ich mache / du machst / er macht | ikh MAH-kheh / doo mahkhst / air mahkht | I do/make / you do/make / he does/makes | Verb Conjugation Patterns |
| ich fahre / du fährst / er fährt | ikh FAH-reh / doo FAIRST / air fairt | I drive / you drive / he drives | Verb Conjugation Patterns |
| ich esse / du isst / er isst | ikh ES-eh / doo ist / air ist | I eat / you eat / he eats | Verb Conjugation Patterns |
| ich spreche / du sprichst / er spricht | ikh SHPREKH-eh / doo shprikhst / air shprikht | I speak / you speak / he speaks | Verb Conjugation Patterns |
| ich lese / du liest / er liest | ikh LAY-zeh / doo leest / air leest | I read / you read / he reads | Verb Conjugation Patterns |
| ich sehe / du siehst / er sieht | ikh ZAY-eh / doo zeest / air zeet | I see / you see / he sees | Verb Conjugation Patterns |
| Wie spät ist es? | vee shpayt ist es | What time is it? | Telling Time |
| Es ist ein Uhr. | es ist eyn oor | It's one o'clock. | Telling Time |
| Es ist Viertel nach neun. | es ist FEER-tel nahkh noyn | It's quarter past nine. | Telling Time |
| Es ist Viertel vor zehn. | es ist FEER-tel for tsayn | It's quarter to ten. | Telling Time |
| Es ist halb zehn. | es ist hahlp tsayn | It's 9:30 (half past nine). | Telling Time |
| die Stunde | dee SHTOON-deh | the hour | Telling Time |
| die Minute | dee mi-NOO-teh | the minute | Telling Time |
| um wie viel Uhr | oom vee feel oor | at what time | Telling Time |
| morgens / mittags / abends | MOR-gens / MIT-tahks / AH-bents | in the morning / at noon / in the evening | Telling Time |
| das Wetter | dahs VET-ter | the weather | Weather & Seasons |
| Es regnet. | es RAYG-net | It's raining. | Weather & Seasons |
| Es schneit. | es shnyt | It's snowing. | Weather & Seasons |
| Es ist sonnig. | es ist ZON-nikh | It's sunny. | Weather & Seasons |
| Es ist kalt. | es ist kahlt | It's cold. | Weather & Seasons |
| Es ist warm. | es ist varm | It's warm. | Weather & Seasons |
| der Frühling | dair FREW-ling | spring | Weather & Seasons |
| der Sommer | dair ZOM-mer | summer | Weather & Seasons |
| der Herbst | dair hairpst | autumn/fall | Weather & Seasons |
| der Winter | dair VIN-ter | winter | Weather & Seasons |
| im Sommer | im ZOM-mer | in (the) summer | Weather & Seasons |
| das Geld | dahs gelt | the money | Shopping & Money |
| der Preis | dair prys | the price | Shopping & Money |
| Was kostet das? | vahs KOS-tet dahs | How much does this cost? | Shopping & Money |
| Das kostet zehn Euro. | dahs KOS-tet tsayn OY-roh | That costs ten euros. | Shopping & Money |
| billig | BIL-likh | cheap | Shopping & Money |
| teuer | TOY-er | expensive | Shopping & Money |
| die Kasse | dee KAH-seh | the checkout/register | Shopping & Money |
| bar bezahlen | bar beh-TSAH-len | to pay cash | Shopping & Money |
| mit Karte bezahlen | mit KAR-teh beh-TSAH-len | to pay by card | Shopping & Money |
| Ich hätte gern... | ikh HET-teh gairn | I would like... (polite, shopping) | Shopping & Money |
| Ich heiße... | ikh HY-seh | My name is... | Introducing Yourself |
| Wie heißt du? | vee hyst doo | What's your name? (informal) | Introducing Yourself |
| Ich komme aus... | ikh KOM-meh ows | I come from... | Introducing Yourself |
| Ich bin ... Jahre alt. | ikh bin ... YAH-reh ahlt | I am ... years old. | Introducing Yourself |
| Ich wohne in... | ikh VOH-neh in | I live in... | Introducing Yourself |
| Ich spreche... | ikh SHPREKH-eh | I speak... | Introducing Yourself |
| Freut mich! | froyt mikh | Nice to meet you! | Introducing Yourself |
| Und du? / Und Sie? | oont doo / oont zee | And you? (informal / formal) | Introducing Yourself |
| Deutschland | DOYTSH-lahnt | Germany | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| Österreich | ER-ster-ryhk | Austria | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| die Schweiz | dee shvyts | Switzerland | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| England | ENG-lahnt | England | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| die USA | dee oo-es-AH | the USA | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| deutsch | doytsh | German (adjective, lowercase) | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| der Deutsche / die Deutsche | dair DOY-cheh / dee DOY-cheh | the German (male/female person) | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| Englisch | ENG-lish | English (the language) | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| Ich bin Amerikaner/Amerikanerin. | ikh bin ah-may-ri-KAH-ner / ah-may-ri-KAH-ner-in | I am American. (male/female) | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| Welche Sprachen sprichst du? | VEL-kheh SHPRAH-khen shprikhst doo | Which languages do you speak? | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| der Montag | dair MOHN-tahk | Monday | Dates & Calendar |
| der Dienstag | dair DEENS-tahk | Tuesday | Dates & Calendar |
| der Mittwoch | dair MIT-vokh | Wednesday | Dates & Calendar |
| der Donnerstag | dair DON-ners-tahk | Thursday | Dates & Calendar |
| der Freitag | dair FRY-tahk | Friday | Dates & Calendar |
| der Samstag | dair ZAHMS-tahk | Saturday | Dates & Calendar |
| der Sonntag | dair ZON-tahk | Sunday | Dates & Calendar |
| der Monat | dair MOH-naht | the month | Dates & Calendar |
| das Jahr | dahs yahr | the year | Dates & Calendar |
| Welches Datum ist heute? | VEL-khes DAH-toom ist HOY-teh | What's today's date? | Dates & Calendar |
| Heute ist der 3. Mai. | HOY-teh ist dair DRIT-teh my | Today is May 3rd. | Dates & Calendar |
| geradeaus | geh-RAH-deh-ows | straight ahead | Directions & Getting Around |
| links | links | left | Directions & Getting Around |
| rechts | rekhts | right | Directions & Getting Around |
| Wo ist...? | voh ist | Where is...? | Directions & Getting Around |
| die Straße | dee SHTRAH-seh | the street | Directions & Getting Around |
| die Ecke | dee EK-keh | the corner | Directions & Getting Around |
| die Ampel | dee AHM-pel | the traffic light | Directions & Getting Around |
| in der Nähe | in dair NAY-eh | nearby | Directions & Getting Around |
| abbiegen | AHP-bee-gen | to turn (off) | Directions & Getting Around |
| Gehen Sie geradeaus. | GAY-en zee geh-RAH-deh-ows | Go straight ahead. (formal) | Directions & Getting Around |
| die Kleidung | dee KLY-doong | the clothing | Clothing & Colors |
| das Hemd | dahs hemt | the shirt | Clothing & Colors |
| die Hose | dee HOH-zeh | the pants | Clothing & Colors |
| der Pullover | dair pool-OH-ver | the sweater | Clothing & Colors |
| die Schuhe | dee SHOO-eh | the shoes | Clothing & Colors |
| rot | roht | red | Clothing & Colors |
| blau | blow | blue | Clothing & Colors |
| grün | grewn | green | Clothing & Colors |
| schwarz | shvarts | black | Clothing & Colors |
| weiß | vys | white | Clothing & Colors |
| Der Pullover ist rot. | dair pool-OH-ver ist roht | The sweater is red. | Clothing & Colors |
| der Beruf | dair beh-ROOF | the profession/job | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| der Lehrer / die Lehrerin | dair LAY-rer / dee LAY-rer-in | teacher (male/female) | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| der Arzt / die Ärztin | dair ahrtst / dee ERTST-in | doctor (male/female) | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| der Ingenieur / die Ingenieurin | dair in-zhen-YER / dee in-zhen-YER-in | engineer (male/female) | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| der Student / die Studentin | dair shtoo-DENT / dee shtoo-DENT-in | student (male/female) | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| der Koch / die Köchin | dair kokh / dee KERKH-in | cook/chef (male/female) | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| Was bist du von Beruf? | vahs bist doo fon beh-ROOF | What's your job? | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| Ich bin Lehrer. | ikh bin LAY-rer | I am a teacher. | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| Könntest du mir helfen? | KERN-test doo meer HEL-fen | Could you help me? | Making Requests & Invitations |
| Kannst du...? | kahnst doo | Can you...? | Making Requests & Invitations |
| Möchtest du mitkommen? | MERKH-test doo MIT-kom-men | Would you like to come along? | Making Requests & Invitations |
| Hast du Lust auf...? | hahst doo loost owf | Do you feel like (having/doing)...? | Making Requests & Invitations |
| Ja, gerne! | yah GAIR-neh | Yes, gladly! | Making Requests & Invitations |
| Vielleicht ein anderes Mal. | fee-LYKHT eyn AHN-deh-res mahl | Maybe another time. | Making Requests & Invitations |
| Können Sie mir bitte helfen? | KERN-nen zee meer BIT-teh HEL-fen | Can you please help me? (formal) | Making Requests & Invitations |
| Entschuldigung, ... | ent-SHOOL-di-goong | Excuse me, ... | Making Requests & Invitations |
| der Vorname | dair FOR-nah-meh | first name | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| der Nachname | dair NAHKH-nah-meh | last name/surname | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| das Geburtsdatum | dahs geh-BOORTS-dah-toom | date of birth | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| der Geburtsort | dair geh-BOORTS-ort | place of birth | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| die Adresse | dee ah-DRES-seh | the address | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| der Wohnort | dair VOHN-ort | city/place of residence | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| die Telefonnummer | dee tay-lay-FOHN-noom-mer | phone number | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| die Unterschrift | dee OON-ter-shrift | signature | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| die Staatsangehörigkeit | dee SHTAHTS-ahn-geh-her-rikh-kyt | nationality/citizenship | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| männlich / weiblich | MENN-likh / VYP-likh | male / female | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| das Formular | dahs for-moo-LAHR | the form (document) | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| Liebe Anna, / Lieber Peter, | LEE-beh AH-nah / LEE-ber PAY-ter | Dear Anna, / Dear Peter, | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| Wie geht es dir? | vee gate es deer | How are you? | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| Danke für deine Nachricht. | DAHN-keh fewr DY-neh NAHKH-rikht | Thanks for your message. | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| Ich möchte dir erzählen, dass... | ikh MERKH-teh deer air-TSAY-len dahs | I'd like to tell you that... | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| Hast du Lust, ... zu ...? | hahst doo loost ... tsoo | Do you feel like ...ing? | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| Schreib mir bald zurück. | shryp meer bahlt tsoo-REWK | Write back to me soon. | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| Liebe Grüße, | LEE-beh GREW-seh | Best wishes, (closing) | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| Viele Grüße, | FEE-leh GREW-seh | Many greetings, (closing) | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| Bis bald! | bis bahlt | See you soon! | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| ich habe gegessen | ikh HAH-beh geh-GES-en | I ate / have eaten | The Past Tense: Perfekt |
| ich bin gegangen | ikh bin geh-GAHNG-en | I went / have gone | The Past Tense: Perfekt |
| ich habe gemacht | ikh HAH-beh geh-MAHKHT | I did / have done | The Past Tense: Perfekt |
| ich habe gesehen | ikh HAH-beh geh-ZAY-en | I saw / have seen | The Past Tense: Perfekt |
| ich bin gekommen | ikh bin geh-KOM-en | I came / have come | The Past Tense: Perfekt |
| ich bin gewesen | ikh bin geh-VAY-zen | I was / have been | The Past Tense: Perfekt |
| ich habe gehabt | ikh HAH-beh geh-HAHPT | I had / have had | The Past Tense: Perfekt |
| ich habe getrunken | ikh HAH-beh geh-TROON-ken | I drank / have drunk | The Past Tense: Perfekt |
| ich habe gelesen | ikh HAH-beh geh-LAY-zen | I read / have read | The Past Tense: Perfekt |
| ich habe geschlafen | ikh HAH-beh geh-SHLAH-fen | I slept / have slept | The Past Tense: Perfekt |
| ich bin gefahren | ikh bin geh-FAH-ren | I drove / have driven (traveled) | The Past Tense: Perfekt |
| ich habe gearbeitet | ikh HAH-beh geh-AR-by-tet | I worked / have worked | The Past Tense: Perfekt |
| müssen | MUE-sen | must / to have to | Modal Verbs in the Perfekt: The Double Infinitive |
| können | KUR-nen | can / to be able to | Modal Verbs in the Perfekt: The Double Infinitive |
| wollen | VOL-len | to want | Modal Verbs in the Perfekt: The Double Infinitive |
| dürfen | DUER-fen | may / to be allowed to | Modal Verbs in the Perfekt: The Double Infinitive |
| sollen | ZOL-len | should / to be supposed to | Modal Verbs in the Perfekt: The Double Infinitive |
| gewollt | geh-VOLT | wanted (standalone participle) | Modal Verbs in the Perfekt: The Double Infinitive |
| gekonnt | geh-KONT | been able to (standalone participle) | Modal Verbs in the Perfekt: The Double Infinitive |
| gemusst | geh-MOOST | had to (standalone participle) | Modal Verbs in the Perfekt: The Double Infinitive |
| Ich habe arbeiten müssen. | ikh HAH-beh AR-by-ten MUE-sen | I had to work. | Modal Verbs in the Perfekt: The Double Infinitive |
| Ich habe nicht kommen können. | ikh HAH-beh nikht KOM-en KUR-nen | I wasn't able to come. | Modal Verbs in the Perfekt: The Double Infinitive |
| Er hat das machen wollen. | air haht dahs MAHKH-en VOL-len | He wanted to do that. | Modal Verbs in the Perfekt: The Double Infinitive |
| Wir haben früh aufstehen müssen. | veer HAH-ben frue OWF-shtay-en MUE-sen | We had to get up early. | Modal Verbs in the Perfekt: The Double Infinitive |
| mich | mikh | me (accusative) | Object Pronouns: Accusative & Dative |
| dich | dikh | you (accusative, informal singular) | Object Pronouns: Accusative & Dative |
| ihn | een | him / it (accusative, masculine) | Object Pronouns: Accusative & Dative |
| sie | zee | her / it (accusative, feminine) | Object Pronouns: Accusative & Dative |
| es | es | it (accusative, neuter) | Object Pronouns: Accusative & Dative |
| uns | oons | us (accusative & dative) | Object Pronouns: Accusative & Dative |
| euch | oykh | you all (accusative & dative, informal plural) | Object Pronouns: Accusative & Dative |
| mir | meer | to me (dative) | Object Pronouns: Accusative & Dative |
| dir | deer | to you (dative, informal singular) | Object Pronouns: Accusative & Dative |
| ihm | eem | to him / to it (dative, masculine/neuter) | Object Pronouns: Accusative & Dative |
| ihr | eer | to her (dative, feminine) | Object Pronouns: Accusative & Dative |
| ihnen | EE-nen | to them (dative) | Object Pronouns: Accusative & Dative |
| Ihnen | EE-nen | to you (dative, formal) | Object Pronouns: Accusative & Dative |
| man | mahn | one / you / people (impersonal) | Indefinite Pronouns: man, jemand, niemand, etwas, nichts |
| jemand | YAY-mahnt | someone / somebody | Indefinite Pronouns: man, jemand, niemand, etwas, nichts |
| niemand | NEE-mahnt | no one / nobody | Indefinite Pronouns: man, jemand, niemand, etwas, nichts |
| etwas | ET-vahs | something | Indefinite Pronouns: man, jemand, niemand, etwas, nichts |
| nichts | nikhts | nothing | Indefinite Pronouns: man, jemand, niemand, etwas, nichts |
| jeder / jede / jedes | YAY-der / YAY-deh / YAY-des | each / every | Indefinite Pronouns: man, jemand, niemand, etwas, nichts |
| alle | AH-leh | everyone / all | Indefinite Pronouns: man, jemand, niemand, etwas, nichts |
| einige | EYE-nig-eh | some / several | Indefinite Pronouns: man, jemand, niemand, etwas, nichts |
| manche | MAHN-kheh | some (of a kind) | Indefinite Pronouns: man, jemand, niemand, etwas, nichts |
| irgendjemand | IR-gent-yay-mahnt | anyone (at all) | Indefinite Pronouns: man, jemand, niemand, etwas, nichts |
| irgendetwas | IR-gent-et-vahs | anything (at all) | Indefinite Pronouns: man, jemand, niemand, etwas, nichts |
| dem Mann | daym mahn | to the man | Dative Case |
| der Frau | dair frow | to the woman | Dative Case |
| dem Kind | daym kint | to the child | Dative Case |
| den Kindern | dayn KIN-dern | to the children | Dative Case |
| geben | GAY-ben | to give | Dative Case |
| zeigen | TSY-gen | to show | Dative Case |
| schenken | SHEN-ken | to give (as a gift) | Dative Case |
| helfen | HEL-fen | to help | Dative Case |
| danken | DAHN-ken | to thank | Dative Case |
| gefallen | geh-FAH-len | to please / to like | Dative Case |
| gehören | geh-HUR-en | to belong to | Dative Case |
| antworten | AHNT-vor-ten | to answer | Dative Case |
| durch | doorkh | through | Prepositions with Fixed Cases |
| für | fuer | for | Prepositions with Fixed Cases |
| gegen | GAY-gen | against | Prepositions with Fixed Cases |
| ohne | OH-neh | without | Prepositions with Fixed Cases |
| um | oom | around / at (time) | Prepositions with Fixed Cases |
| aus | ows | from / out of | Prepositions with Fixed Cases |
| bei | by | at / near (someone's place) | Prepositions with Fixed Cases |
| mit | mit | with | Prepositions with Fixed Cases |
| nach | nahkh | after / to (a place) | Prepositions with Fixed Cases |
| seit | zyt | since / for (time) | Prepositions with Fixed Cases |
| von | fon | from / of | Prepositions with Fixed Cases |
| zu | tsoo | to | Prepositions with Fixed Cases |
| zum / zur | tsoom / tsoor | to the (contractions of zu dem / zu der) | Prepositions with Fixed Cases |
| beim | bym | at the (contraction of bei dem) | Prepositions with Fixed Cases |
| in | in | in / into | Two-Way Prepositions |
| an | ahn | at / on (a vertical surface) | Two-Way Prepositions |
| auf | owf | on / onto (a horizontal surface) | Two-Way Prepositions |
| über | UE-ber | over / above | Two-Way Prepositions |
| unter | OON-ter | under / below | Two-Way Prepositions |
| vor | for | in front of / before | Two-Way Prepositions |
| hinter | HIN-ter | behind | Two-Way Prepositions |
| neben | NAY-ben | next to / beside | Two-Way Prepositions |
| zwischen | TSVISH-en | between | Two-Way Prepositions |
| wohin? | voh-HIN | (to) where? (asks about motion, triggers accusative) | Two-Way Prepositions |
| wo? | voh | where? (asks about location, triggers dative) | Two-Way Prepositions |
| legen / liegen | LAY-gen / LEE-gen | to lay (something) down / to lie (be lying) | Two-Way Prepositions |
| stellen / stehen | SHTEL-en / SHTAY-en | to stand (something) up / to stand (be standing) | Two-Way Prepositions |
| sich freuen | zikh FROY-en | to be glad / happy | Reflexive Verbs |
| sich waschen | zikh VAH-shen | to wash oneself | Reflexive Verbs |
| sich anziehen | zikh AHN-tsee-en | to get dressed | Reflexive Verbs |
| sich setzen | zikh ZET-sen | to sit down | Reflexive Verbs |
| sich interessieren für | zikh in-teh-reh-SEE-ren fuer | to be interested in | Reflexive Verbs |
| sich erinnern an | zikh air-IN-ern ahn | to remember | Reflexive Verbs |
| sich beeilen | zikh beh-EYE-len | to hurry | Reflexive Verbs |
| sich fühlen | zikh FUE-len | to feel | Reflexive Verbs |
| sich entspannen | zikh ent-SHPAH-nen | to relax | Reflexive Verbs |
| sich ärgern über | zikh AIR-gern UE-ber | to be annoyed about | Reflexive Verbs |
| sich amüsieren | zikh ah-mue-ZEE-ren | to have fun / enjoy oneself | Reflexive Verbs |
| sich die Hände waschen | zikh dee HEN-deh VAH-shen | to wash one's hands | Reflexive Pronouns: Accusative vs. Dative |
| sich die Zähne putzen | zikh dee TSAY-neh POOT-sen | to brush one's teeth | Reflexive Pronouns: Accusative vs. Dative |
| sich die Haare kämmen | zikh dee HAH-reh KEM-en | to comb one's hair | Reflexive Pronouns: Accusative vs. Dative |
| sich das Gesicht waschen | zikh dahs geh-ZIKHT VAH-shen | to wash one's face | Reflexive Pronouns: Accusative vs. Dative |
| mir | meer | to/for myself (dative reflexive) | Reflexive Pronouns: Accusative vs. Dative |
| dir | deer | to/for yourself (dative reflexive) | Reflexive Pronouns: Accusative vs. Dative |
| sich | zikh | to/for him-/her-/itself/themselves/yourself (formal) (dative reflexive) | Reflexive Pronouns: Accusative vs. Dative |
| sich die Schuhe anziehen | zikh dee SHOO-eh AHN-tsee-en | to put on one's shoes | Reflexive Pronouns: Accusative vs. Dative |
| sich wehtun | zikh VAY-toon | to hurt oneself | Reflexive Pronouns: Accusative vs. Dative |
| mein Buch | myn bookh | my book | Possessive Articles |
| deine Tasche | DY-neh TAH-sheh | your bag (informal) | Possessive Articles |
| sein Auto | zyn OW-toh | his car | Possessive Articles |
| ihr Haus | eer hows | her house | Possessive Articles |
| unser Garten | OON-zer GAR-ten | our garden | Possessive Articles |
| euer Hund | OY-er hoont | your dog (informal plural) | Possessive Articles |
| ihre Kinder | EE-reh KIN-der | their children | Possessive Articles |
| Ihr Name | eer NAH-meh | your name (formal) | Possessive Articles |
| meine Eltern | MY-neh EL-tern | my parents | Possessive Articles |
| weil | vyl | because | Subordinate Clauses: weil, dass, wenn |
| dass | dahs | that | Subordinate Clauses: weil, dass, wenn |
| wenn | ven | if / when(ever) | Subordinate Clauses: weil, dass, wenn |
| obwohl | op-VOHL | although | Subordinate Clauses: weil, dass, wenn |
| ob | op | whether | Subordinate Clauses: weil, dass, wenn |
| während | VAY-rent | while | Subordinate Clauses: weil, dass, wenn |
| bevor | beh-FOR | before | Subordinate Clauses: weil, dass, wenn |
| nachdem | nahkh-DAYM | after | Subordinate Clauses: weil, dass, wenn |
| damit | dah-MIT | so that | Subordinate Clauses: weil, dass, wenn |
| ich konnte | ikh KON-teh | I could / was able to | Modal Verbs & sein/haben in the Past |
| ich musste | ikh MOOS-teh | I had to | Modal Verbs & sein/haben in the Past |
| ich wollte | ikh VOL-teh | I wanted to | Modal Verbs & sein/haben in the Past |
| ich durfte | ikh DOOR-teh | I was allowed to | Modal Verbs & sein/haben in the Past |
| ich sollte | ikh ZOL-teh | I was supposed to | Modal Verbs & sein/haben in the Past |
| ich mochte | ikh MOKH-teh | I liked (used to like) | Modal Verbs & sein/haben in the Past |
| ich war | ikh var | I was | Modal Verbs & sein/haben in the Past |
| ich hatte | ikh HAH-teh | I had | Modal Verbs & sein/haben in the Past |
| du warst | doo varst | you were | Modal Verbs & sein/haben in the Past |
| wir hatten | veer HAH-ten | we had | Modal Verbs & sein/haben in the Past |
| sie waren | zee VAH-ren | they were | Modal Verbs & sein/haben in the Past |
| schnell / schneller / am schnellsten | shnel / SHNEL-er / ahm SHNEL-sten | fast / faster / fastest | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| klein / kleiner / am kleinsten | klyn / KLY-ner / ahm KLYN-sten | small / smaller / smallest | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| alt / älter / am ältesten | ahlt / EL-ter / ahm EL-tes-ten | old / older / oldest | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| groß / größer / am größten | grohs / GRUR-ser / ahm GRUR-sten | big / bigger / biggest | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| jung / jünger / am jüngsten | yoong / YUENG-er / ahm YUENG-sten | young / younger / youngest | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| warm / wärmer / am wärmsten | varm / VAIR-mer / ahm VAIRM-sten | warm / warmer / warmest | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| kalt / kälter / am kältesten | kahlt / KEL-ter / ahm KEL-tes-ten | cold / colder / coldest | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| lang / länger / am längsten | lahng / LENG-er / ahm LENG-sten | long / longer / longest | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| teuer / teurer / am teuersten | TOY-er / TOY-rer / ahm TOY-er-sten | expensive / more expensive / most expensive | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| interessant / interessanter / am interessantesten | in-teh-reh-SAHNT / in-teh-reh-SAHN-ter / ahm in-teh-reh-sahn-TES-ten | interesting / more interesting / most interesting | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| als | ahls | than | Using Comparatives: als vs. wie |
| wie | vee | as / like | Using Comparatives: als vs. wie |
| so...wie | zoh...vee | as...as | Using Comparatives: als vs. wie |
| genauso...wie | geh-NOW-zoh...vee | just as...as | Using Comparatives: als vs. wie |
| Er ist größer als ich. | air ist GRUR-ser ahls ikh | He is taller than me. | Using Comparatives: als vs. wie |
| Sie ist so alt wie er. | zee ist zoh ahlt vee air | She is as old as him. | Using Comparatives: als vs. wie |
| nicht so...wie | nikht zoh...vee | not as...as | Using Comparatives: als vs. wie |
| mehr als | mair ahls | more than | Using Comparatives: als vs. wie |
| weniger als | VAY-nig-er ahls | less than | Using Comparatives: als vs. wie |
| hoch / höher / am höchsten | hohkh / HUR-er / ahm HURKH-sten | high / higher / highest | More Irregular Comparatives: hoch, nah, viel |
| nah / näher / am nächsten | nah / NAY-er / ahm NAYKH-sten | near / nearer / nearest | More Irregular Comparatives: hoch, nah, viel |
| viel / mehr / am meisten | feel / mair / ahm MY-sten | much / more / most | More Irregular Comparatives: hoch, nah, viel |
| gut / besser / am besten | goot / BES-er / ahm BES-ten | good / better / best | More Irregular Comparatives: hoch, nah, viel |
| gern / lieber / am liebsten | gairn / LEE-ber / ahm LEEP-sten | gladly / rather / most of all (liking something) | More Irregular Comparatives: hoch, nah, viel |
| Ich spiele gern Fußball. | ikh SHPEE-leh gairn FOOS-bahl | I like playing football. | More Irregular Comparatives: hoch, nah, viel |
| Ich spiele lieber Tennis. | ikh SHPEE-leh LEE-ber TEN-is | I'd rather play tennis. | More Irregular Comparatives: hoch, nah, viel |
| Ich esse am liebsten Pizza. | ikh ES-eh ahm LEEP-sten PEET-sah | I like eating pizza best of all. | More Irregular Comparatives: hoch, nah, viel |
| Komm! | kom | Come! (du) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Kommt! | komt | Come! (ihr) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Kommen Sie! | KOM-en zee | Come! (Sie, formal) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Sei ruhig! | zy ROO-ikh | Be quiet! (du) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Seid ruhig! | zyt ROO-ikh | Be quiet! (ihr) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Seien Sie ruhig! | ZY-en zee ROO-ikh | Be quiet! (Sie, formal) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Iss! | is | Eat! (du) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Sieh! | zee | Look! / See! (du) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Fahr vorsichtig! | fahr FOR-zikh-tikh | Drive carefully! (du) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Geh! | gay | Go! (du) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Hilf mir! | hilf meer | Help me! (du) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Machen Sie das bitte! | MAHKH-en zee dahs BIT-eh | Please do that. (Sie, formal) | Imperative (Commands) |
| der gute Mann | dair GOO-teh mahn | the good man | Adjective Endings |
| die gute Frau | dee GOO-teh frow | the good woman | Adjective Endings |
| das gute Kind | dahs GOO-teh kint | the good child | Adjective Endings |
| ein guter Mann | eyen GOO-ter mahn | a good man | Adjective Endings |
| eine gute Frau | EYE-neh GOO-teh frow | a good woman | Adjective Endings |
| ein gutes Kind | eyen GOO-tes kint | a good child | Adjective Endings |
| den guten Mann | dayn GOO-ten mahn | the good man (accusative) | Adjective Endings |
| die netten Leute | dee NET-en LOY-teh | the nice people (plural) | Adjective Endings |
| ein neues Auto | eyen NOY-es OW-toh | a new car | Adjective Endings |
| ein interessantes Buch | eyen in-teh-reh-SAHN-tes bookh | an interesting book | Adjective Endings |
| der Kopf | dair kopf | head | Health & Body |
| der Bauch | dair bowkh | stomach | Health & Body |
| der Rücken | dair RUE-ken | back | Health & Body |
| der Hals | dair hahls | throat / neck | Health & Body |
| der Arm | dair arm | arm | Health & Body |
| das Bein | dahs byn | leg | Health & Body |
| Mir tut ... weh. | meer toot ... vay | My ... hurts. | Health & Body |
| Ich habe Kopfschmerzen. | ikh HAH-beh KOPF-shmair-tsen | I have a headache. | Health & Body |
| krank | krahnk | sick | Health & Body |
| gesund | geh-ZOONT | healthy | Health & Body |
| der Arzt / die Ärztin | dair artst / dee AIRTS-tin | doctor | Health & Body |
| die Apotheke | dee ah-poh-TAY-keh | pharmacy | Health & Body |
| das Medikament | dahs meh-dee-kah-MENT | medicine | Health & Body |
| sich erkälten | zikh air-KEL-ten | to catch a cold | Health & Body |
| Ich fühle mich nicht gut. | ikh FUE-leh mikh nikht goot | I don't feel well. | Health & Body |
| das Hobby | dahs HOH-bee | hobby | Hobbies & Free Time |
| Ich spiele gern Fußball. | ikh SHPEE-leh gairn FOOS-bahl | I like playing football. | Hobbies & Free Time |
| lesen | LAY-zen | to read | Hobbies & Free Time |
| malen | MAH-len | to paint | Hobbies & Free Time |
| fotografieren | foh-toh-grah-FEE-ren | to take photos | Hobbies & Free Time |
| wandern | VAHN-dern | to hike | Hobbies & Free Time |
| schwimmen | SHVIM-en | to swim | Hobbies & Free Time |
| Musik hören | moo-ZEEK HUR-ren | to listen to music | Hobbies & Free Time |
| kochen | KOH-khen | to cook | Hobbies & Free Time |
| sich interessieren für | zikh in-teh-reh-SEE-ren fuer | to be interested in | Hobbies & Free Time |
| die Freizeit | dee FRY-tsyt | free time | Hobbies & Free Time |
| Ich habe keine Zeit. | ikh HAH-beh KY-neh tsyt | I don't have time. | Hobbies & Free Time |
| der Bahnhof | dair BAHN-hohf | train station | Travel & Transportation |
| der Flughafen | dair FLOOG-hah-fen | airport | Travel & Transportation |
| das Ticket / die Fahrkarte | dahs TIK-et / dee FAHR-kar-teh | ticket | Travel & Transportation |
| mit dem Zug | mit daym tsoog | by train | Travel & Transportation |
| mit dem Auto | mit daym OW-toh | by car | Travel & Transportation |
| mit dem Flugzeug | mit daym FLOOG-tsoyg | by plane | Travel & Transportation |
| zu Fuß | tsoo foos | on foot | Travel & Transportation |
| die Abfahrt | dee AHP-fahrt | departure | Travel & Transportation |
| die Ankunft | dee AHN-koonft | arrival | Travel & Transportation |
| umsteigen | OOM-shty-gen | to change / transfer (trains, etc.) | Travel & Transportation |
| der Koffer | dair KOF-er | suitcase | Travel & Transportation |
| Wo ist der Bahnhof? | voh ist dair BAHN-hohf | Where is the train station? | Travel & Transportation |
| die Wohnung | dee VOH-noong | apartment | House & Home |
| das Haus | dahs hows | house | House & Home |
| die Küche | dee KUE-kheh | kitchen | House & Home |
| das Schlafzimmer | dahs SHLAHF-tsim-er | bedroom | House & Home |
| das Wohnzimmer | dahs VOHN-tsim-er | living room | House & Home |
| das Badezimmer | dahs BAH-deh-tsim-er | bathroom | House & Home |
| der Garten | dair GAR-ten | garden | House & Home |
| wohnen | VOH-nen | to live / reside | House & Home |
| umziehen | OOM-tsee-en | to move (house) | House & Home |
| die Miete | dee MEE-teh | rent | House & Home |
| der Balkon | dair bahl-KOHN | balcony | House & Home |
| die Möbel | dee MUR-bel | furniture | House & Home |
| groß | grohs | tall | Describing People |
| klein | klyn | short (of a person) / small | Describing People |
| schlank | shlahnk | slim | Describing People |
| freundlich | FROYNT-likh | friendly | Describing People |
| lustig | LOOS-tikh | funny | Describing People |
| schüchtern | SHUEKH-tern | shy | Describing People |
| selbstbewusst | ZELPST-beh-voost | confident | Describing People |
| blaue Augen | BLOW-eh OW-gen | blue eyes | Describing People |
| braune Haare | BROW-neh HAH-reh | brown hair | Describing People |
| Er sieht ... aus. | air zeet ... ows | He looks... / He appears... | Describing People |
| nett | net | nice / kind | Describing People |
| Wollen wir...? | VOL-en veer | Shall we...? / Do you want to...? | Making Plans Together |
| Hast du Lust auf...? | hahst doo loost owf | Do you feel like...? | Making Plans Together |
| Ich habe eine Idee. | ikh HAH-beh EYE-neh ee-DAY | I have an idea. | Making Plans Together |
| sich treffen | zikh TREF-en | to meet up | Making Plans Together |
| sich verabreden | zikh fer-AHP-ray-den | to arrange to meet | Making Plans Together |
| Wann passt es dir? | vahn pahst es deer | When works for you? | Making Plans Together |
| Wie wäre es mit...? | vee VAY-reh es mit | How about...? | Making Plans Together |
| Das klingt gut. | dahs klingt goot | That sounds good. | Making Plans Together |
| Ich kann leider nicht. | ikh kahn LY-der nikht | Unfortunately I can't. | Making Plans Together |
| Bis später! | bis SHPAY-ter | See you later! | Making Plans Together |
| Auf dem Bild sieht man... | owf daym bilt zeet mahn | In the picture, you can see... | Describing a Picture |
| im Vordergrund | im FOR-der-groont | in the foreground | Describing a Picture |
| im Hintergrund | im HIN-ter-groont | in the background | Describing a Picture |
| in der Mitte | in dair MIT-eh | in the middle | Describing a Picture |
| links / rechts | links / rekhts | on the left / on the right | Describing a Picture |
| oben / unten | OH-ben / OON-ten | at the top / at the bottom | Describing a Picture |
| Ich glaube, dass... | ikh GLOW-beh dahs | I think that... | Describing a Picture |
| Es könnte sein, dass... | es KURN-teh zyn dahs | It could be that... | Describing a Picture |
| Meiner Meinung nach... | MY-ner MY-noong nahkh | In my opinion... | Describing a Picture |
| letztes Jahr | LETS-tes yahr | last year | Narrating Past Experiences |
| letzte Woche | LETS-teh VOH-kheh | last week | Narrating Past Experiences |
| zuerst | tsoo-AIRST | first | Narrating Past Experiences |
| dann | dahn | then | Narrating Past Experiences |
| danach | dah-NAHKH | after that | Narrating Past Experiences |
| schließlich | SHLEES-likh | finally | Narrating Past Experiences |
| Es war toll! | es var tol | It was great! | Narrating Past Experiences |
| Es hat mir gefallen. | es haht meer geh-FAH-len | I liked it. | Narrating Past Experiences |
| Wir sind nach ... gefahren. | veer zint nahkh ... geh-FAH-ren | We went/traveled to ... | Narrating Past Experiences |
| Ich habe ... besucht. | ikh HAH-beh ... beh-ZOOKHT | I visited ... | Narrating Past Experiences |
| der Geburtstag | dair geh-BOORTS-tahk | birthday | Celebrations & Holidays |
| Weihnachten | VY-nahkh-ten | Christmas | Celebrations & Holidays |
| Ostern | OH-stern | Easter | Celebrations & Holidays |
| Silvester | zil-VES-ter | New Year's Eve | Celebrations & Holidays |
| Herzlichen Glückwunsch! | HAIRTS-likh-en GLUEK-voonsh | Congratulations! / Happy birthday! | Celebrations & Holidays |
| feiern | FY-ern | to celebrate | Celebrations & Holidays |
| das Fest | dahs fest | festival / celebration | Celebrations & Holidays |
| die Party | dee PAR-tee | party | Celebrations & Holidays |
| Frohe Weihnachten! | FROH-eh VY-nahkh-ten | Merry Christmas! | Celebrations & Holidays |
| Frohes neues Jahr! | FROH-es NOY-es yahr | Happy New Year! | Celebrations & Holidays |
| einladen | EYEN-lah-den | to invite | Celebrations & Holidays |
| das Geschenk | dahs geh-SHENK | gift | Celebrations & Holidays |
| das Handy | dahs HEN-dee | mobile phone | Technology & Communication |
| anrufen | AHN-roo-fen | to call (separable) | Technology & Communication |
| eine Nachricht schreiben | EYE-neh NAHKH-rikht SHRY-ben | to write a message | Technology & Communication |
| die E-Mail | dee EE-mayl | Technology & Communication | |
| das WLAN | dahs VAY-lahn | WiFi | Technology & Communication |
| der Akku | dair AH-koo | battery | Technology & Communication |
| aufladen | OWF-lah-den | to charge (separable) | Technology & Communication |
| die App | dee ep | app | Technology & Communication |
| im Internet surfen | im IN-ter-net SUR-fen | to browse the internet | Technology & Communication |
| herunterladen | hair-OON-ter-lah-den | to download (separable) | Technology & Communication |
| Kannst du mich hören? | kahnst doo mikh HUR-en | Can you hear me? | Technology & Communication |
| Ich habe keinen Empfang. | ikh HAH-beh KY-nen emp-FAHNG | I have no signal/reception. | Technology & Communication |
| der Termin | dair tair-MEEN | appointment | Making an Appointment |
| einen Termin vereinbaren | EYE-nen tair-MEEN fer-EYEN-bah-ren | to make an appointment | Making an Appointment |
| Passt Ihnen...? | pahst EE-nen | Does ... work for you? | Making an Appointment |
| Ich möchte einen Termin absagen. | ikh MERKH-teh EYE-nen tair-MEEN AHP-zah-gen | I'd like to cancel an appointment. | Making an Appointment |
| verschieben | fer-SHEE-ben | to reschedule / postpone | Making an Appointment |
| Wann haben Sie Zeit? | vahn HAH-ben zee tsyt | When do you have time? | Making an Appointment |
| Um wie viel Uhr? | oom vee feel oor | At what time? | Making an Appointment |
| Ich bin leider verhindert. | ikh bin LY-der fer-HIN-dert | Unfortunately I can't make it. | Making an Appointment |
| die Sprechstunde | dee SHPREKH-shtoon-deh | office hours / consultation hours | Making an Appointment |
| Schade, dass... | SHAH-deh dahs | That's a shame that... | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Ich verstehe, dass... | ikh fer-SHTAY-eh dahs | I understand that... | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Vielleicht können wir... | fee-LYKHT KUR-nen veer | Maybe we can... | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Kein Problem. | kyn proh-BLAYM | No problem. | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Wir machen es ein anderes Mal. | veer MAH-khen es eyen AHN-deh-res mahl | We'll do it another time. | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Danke für deine Nachricht. | DAHN-keh fuer DY-neh NAHKH-rikht | Thanks for your message. | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Liebe Grüße | LEE-beh GRUE-seh | Best wishes (informal letter closing) | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Ich freue mich auf... | ikh FROY-eh mikh owf | I'm looking forward to... | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Melde dich bald! | MEL-deh dikh bahlt | Get in touch soon! | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| war | vahr | was | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| hatte | HAH-teh | had | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| ging | ging | went | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| kam | kahm | came | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| sah | zah | saw | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| gab | gahp | gave / there was | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| wurde | VOOR-deh | became | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| konnte | KON-teh | could / was able to | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| musste | MOOS-teh | had to | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| wollte | VOL-teh | wanted | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| machte | MAHKH-teh | made / did | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| sagte | ZAHK-teh | said | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| fand | fahnt | found | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| nahm | nahm | took | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| blieb | bleep | stayed | Präteritum: The Narrative Past |
| das Auto des Mannes | dahs OW-toh des MAHN-es | the man's car | Genitive Case |
| die Tasche der Frau | dee TAH-sheh dair frow | the woman's bag | Genitive Case |
| der Anfang des Jahres | dair AHN-fahng des YAH-res | the beginning of the year | Genitive Case |
| das Ende der Woche | dahs EN-deh dair VOKH-eh | the end of the week | Genitive Case |
| die Meinung der Leute | dee MY-noong dair LOY-teh | the opinion of the people | Genitive Case |
| der Name des Kindes | dair NAH-meh des KIN-des | the child's name | Genitive Case |
| wessen | VES-en | whose | Genitive Case |
| Peters Auto | PAY-ters OW-toh | Peter's car | Genitive Case |
| die Farbe des Himmels | dee FAR-beh des HIM-els | the color of the sky | Genitive Case |
| das Haus meiner Eltern | dahs house MY-ner EL-tern | my parents' house | Genitive Case |
| der Titel des Buches | dair TEE-tel des BOOKH-es | the title of the book | Genitive Case |
| guter Kaffee | GOO-ter kah-FAY | good coffee | Adjective Endings Without an Article |
| kalte Milch | KAHL-teh milkh | cold milk | Adjective Endings Without an Article |
| warmes Wasser | VAR-mes VAH-ser | warm water | Adjective Endings Without an Article |
| frisches Obst | FRISH-es ohpst | fresh fruit | Adjective Endings Without an Article |
| bei gutem Wetter | by GOO-tem VET-er | in good weather | Adjective Endings Without an Article |
| trotz starken Regens | trots SHTAR-ken RAY-gens | despite heavy rain | Adjective Endings Without an Article |
| mit großer Freude | mit GROH-ser FROY-deh | with great joy | Adjective Endings Without an Article |
| schöne Blumen | SHER-neh BLOO-men | beautiful flowers | Adjective Endings Without an Article |
| der Mann, der... | dair mahn, dair | the man who... | Relative Clauses |
| die Frau, die... | dee frow, dee | the woman who... | Relative Clauses |
| das Kind, das... | dahs kint, dahs | the child that... | Relative Clauses |
| die Leute, die... | dee LOY-teh, dee | the people who... | Relative Clauses |
| der Mann, dem ich geholfen habe | dair mahn, dame ikh geh-HOL-fen HAH-beh | the man whom I helped | Relative Clauses |
| die Stadt, in der ich wohne | dee shtaht, in dair ikh VOH-neh | the city in which I live | Relative Clauses |
| das Buch, dessen Autor... | dahs bookh, DES-en OW-tor | the book whose author... | Relative Clauses |
| alles, was | AHL-es, vahs | everything that | Relative Clauses |
| wird gebaut | veert geh-BOWT | is being built | Passive Voice |
| wird gemacht | veert geh-MAHKHT | is being made / done | Passive Voice |
| wird gegessen | veert geh-GES-en | is being eaten | Passive Voice |
| wird gesehen | veert geh-ZAY-en | is being seen | Passive Voice |
| wird geschrieben | veert geh-SHREE-ben | is being written | Passive Voice |
| wird verkauft | veert fair-KOWFT | is being sold | Passive Voice |
| wurde gebaut | VOOR-deh geh-BOWT | was built | Passive Voice |
| wurde gegründet | VOOR-deh geh-GRUEN-det | was founded | Passive Voice |
| wurde eingeladen | VOOR-deh INE-geh-lah-den | was invited | Passive Voice |
| wird geöffnet | veert geh-ERF-net | is being opened | Passive Voice |
| wird geschlossen | veert geh-SHLOS-en | is being closed | Passive Voice |
| von einem Autor geschrieben | fon EYE-nem OW-tor geh-SHREE-ben | written by an author | Passive Agent Marking: von vs. durch |
| durch den Sturm zerstört | doorkh dane shtoorm tsair-SHTERT | destroyed by the storm | Passive Agent Marking: von vs. durch |
| mit einem Schlüssel geöffnet | mit EYE-nem SHLUES-el geh-ERF-net | opened with a key | Passive Agent Marking: von vs. durch |
| von der Firma gegründet | fon dair FEER-mah geh-GRUEN-det | founded by the company | Passive Agent Marking: von vs. durch |
| durch ein Feuer beschädigt | doorkh ine FOY-er beh-SHAY-dikht | damaged by a fire | Passive Agent Marking: von vs. durch |
| von den Schülern gelesen | fon dane SHUE-lern geh-LAY-zen | read by the students | Passive Agent Marking: von vs. durch |
| durch einen Unfall verursacht | doorkh EYE-nen OON-fahl fair-OOR-zahkht | caused by an accident | Passive Agent Marking: von vs. durch |
| mit der Hand geschrieben | mit dair hahnt geh-SHREE-ben | written by hand | Passive Agent Marking: von vs. durch |
| ich werde ... machen | ikh VAIR-deh ... MAHKH-en | I will do ... | Future Tense |
| du wirst ... sehen | doo veerst ... ZAY-en | you will see ... | Future Tense |
| er/sie wird ... kommen | air/zee veert ... KOM-en | he/she will come ... | Future Tense |
| wir werden ... reisen | veer VAIR-den ... RY-zen | we will travel ... | Future Tense |
| nächste Woche | NEKH-steh VOKH-eh | next week | Future Tense |
| in Zukunft | in TSOO-koonft | in the future | Future Tense |
| bald | bahlt | soon | Future Tense |
| vermutlich | fair-MOOT-likh | probably | Future Tense |
| es wird regnen | es veert RAYG-nen | it's going to rain | Future Tense |
| ich hatte gemacht | ikh HAH-teh geh-MAHKHT | I had done | Plusquamperfekt: The Past-Before-the-Past |
| ich war gegangen | ikh vahr geh-GAHNG-en | I had gone | Plusquamperfekt: The Past-Before-the-Past |
| bevor | beh-FOR | before | Plusquamperfekt: The Past-Before-the-Past |
| nachdem | nahkh-DAME | after | Plusquamperfekt: The Past-Before-the-Past |
| schon | shohn | already | Plusquamperfekt: The Past-Before-the-Past |
| ich hatte gegessen, bevor... | ikh HAH-teh geh-GES-en, beh-FOR | I had eaten before... | Plusquamperfekt: The Past-Before-the-Past |
| sie war angekommen | zee vahr AHN-geh-kom-en | she had arrived | Plusquamperfekt: The Past-Before-the-Past |
| wir hatten gesehen | veer HAH-ten geh-ZAY-en | we had seen | Plusquamperfekt: The Past-Before-the-Past |
| ich würde... | ikh VUER-deh | I would... | Konjunktiv II: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| ich wäre... | ikh VAY-reh | I would be... | Konjunktiv II: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| ich hätte... | ikh HET-eh | I would have... | Konjunktiv II: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| ich könnte... | ikh KERN-teh | I could... | Konjunktiv II: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| ich müsste... | ikh MUES-teh | I would have to... | Konjunktiv II: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| ich sollte... | ikh ZOL-teh | I should... | Konjunktiv II: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| wenn ich Zeit hätte | ven ikh tsyte HET-eh | if I had time | Konjunktiv II: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| könnten Sie...? | KERN-ten zee | could you...? | Konjunktiv II: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| ich hätte gern... | ikh HET-eh gairn | I would like... | Konjunktiv II: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| an deiner Stelle | ahn DY-ner SHTEL-eh | in your place / if I were you | Konjunktiv II: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| um...zu | oom ... tsoo | in order to | Infinitive Clauses: um...zu, ohne...zu, statt...zu |
| ohne...zu | OH-neh ... tsoo | without ...ing | Infinitive Clauses: um...zu, ohne...zu, statt...zu |
| statt...zu | shtaht ... tsoo | instead of ...ing | Infinitive Clauses: um...zu, ohne...zu, statt...zu |
| um Deutsch zu lernen | oom doytsh tsoo LAIR-nen | in order to learn German | Infinitive Clauses: um...zu, ohne...zu, statt...zu |
| ohne etwas zu sagen | OH-neh ET-vahs tsoo ZAH-gen | without saying anything | Infinitive Clauses: um...zu, ohne...zu, statt...zu |
| statt zu Hause zu bleiben | shtaht tsoo HOW-zeh tsoo BLY-ben | instead of staying home | Infinitive Clauses: um...zu, ohne...zu, statt...zu |
| um pünktlich zu sein | oom PUENKT-likh tsoo zine | in order to be on time | Infinitive Clauses: um...zu, ohne...zu, statt...zu |
| ohne es zu wissen | OH-neh es tsoo VIS-en | without knowing it | Infinitive Clauses: um...zu, ohne...zu, statt...zu |
| der Junge | dair YOONG-eh | boy | Weak Masculine Nouns (N-Declension) |
| der Student | dair shtoo-DENT | student | Weak Masculine Nouns (N-Declension) |
| der Kunde | dair KOON-deh | customer | Weak Masculine Nouns (N-Declension) |
| der Kollege | dair kol-AY-geh | colleague | Weak Masculine Nouns (N-Declension) |
| der Herr | dair hair | gentleman / Mr. | Weak Masculine Nouns (N-Declension) |
| der Name | dair NAH-meh | name | Weak Masculine Nouns (N-Declension) |
| der Mensch | dair mensh | human being / person | Weak Masculine Nouns (N-Declension) |
| der Löwe | dair LER-veh | lion | Weak Masculine Nouns (N-Declension) |
| der Präsident | dair pray-zee-DENT | president | Weak Masculine Nouns (N-Declension) |
| der Polizist | dair poh-lee-TSIST | police officer | Weak Masculine Nouns (N-Declension) |
| sowohl...als auch | zoh-VOHL ... ahls owkh | both...and | Double Conjunctions |
| entweder...oder | ent-VAY-der ... OH-der | either...or | Double Conjunctions |
| weder...noch | VAY-der ... nokh | neither...nor | Double Conjunctions |
| nicht nur...sondern auch | nikht noor ... ZON-dern owkh | not only...but also | Double Conjunctions |
| zwar...aber | tsvahr ... AH-ber | indeed/it's true...but | Double Conjunctions |
| sowohl er als auch sie | zoh-VOHL air ahls owkh zee | both he and she | Double Conjunctions |
| weder heute noch morgen | VAY-der HOY-teh nokh MOR-gen | neither today nor tomorrow | Double Conjunctions |
| Ich mag weder Kaffee noch Tee. | ikh mahk VAY-der KAH-fay nokh tay | I like neither coffee nor tea. | Double Conjunctions |
| der/die Deutsche | dair/dee DOYT-sheh | the German (person) | Adjectives Used as Nouns |
| der/die Kranke | dair/dee KRAHNK-eh | the sick person | Adjectives Used as Nouns |
| der/die Erwachsene | dair/dee air-VAHK-seh-neh | the adult | Adjectives Used as Nouns |
| der/die Bekannte | dair/dee beh-KAHN-teh | the acquaintance | Adjectives Used as Nouns |
| der/die Fremde | dair/dee FREM-deh | the stranger | Adjectives Used as Nouns |
| das Gute | dahs GOO-teh | the good (thing) | Adjectives Used as Nouns |
| das Beste | dahs BES-teh | the best (thing) | Adjectives Used as Nouns |
| etwas Neues | ET-vahs NOY-es | something new | Adjectives Used as Nouns |
| nichts Besonderes | nikhts beh-ZON-deh-res | nothing special | Adjectives Used as Nouns |
| der/die Reisende | dair/dee RY-zen-deh | the traveler | Adjectives Used as Nouns |
| warten auf (+Akk) | VAR-ten owf | to wait for | Prepositional Verbs |
| sich freuen auf (+Akk) | zikh FROY-en owf | to look forward to | Prepositional Verbs |
| sich freuen über (+Akk) | zikh FROY-en UE-ber | to be happy about | Prepositional Verbs |
| denken an (+Akk) | DENK-en ahn | to think of/about | Prepositional Verbs |
| sich interessieren für (+Akk) | zikh in-ter-es-EE-ren fuer | to be interested in | Prepositional Verbs |
| teilnehmen an (+Dat) | TILE-nay-men ahn | to take part in | Prepositional Verbs |
| sich erinnern an (+Akk) | zikh air-IN-ern ahn | to remember | Prepositional Verbs |
| Angst haben vor (+Dat) | ahngst HAH-ben for | to be afraid of | Prepositional Verbs |
| sprechen über (+Akk) | SHPREKH-en UE-ber | to talk about | Prepositional Verbs |
| abhängen von (+Dat) | AHP-heng-en fon | to depend on | Prepositional Verbs |
| sich bedanken für (+Akk) | zikh beh-DAHNK-en fuer | to thank for | Prepositional Verbs |
| als (einmalig, Vergangenheit) | ahls | when (one-time, past) | als vs. wenn |
| wenn (wiederholt / Gegenwart / Zukunft) | ven | when(ever) / if | als vs. wenn |
| als ich klein war | ahls ikh kline vahr | when I was little | als vs. wenn |
| als wir uns kennenlernten | ahls veer oons KEN-en-lairn-ten | when we met (each other) | als vs. wenn |
| wenn es regnet | ven es RAYG-net | when/if it rains | als vs. wenn |
| immer wenn | IM-er ven | every time (that) | als vs. wenn |
| damals | DAH-mahls | back then / at that time | als vs. wenn |
| jedes Mal, wenn | YAY-des mahl, ven | every time that | als vs. wenn |
| er sagt, dass... | air zahkt, dahs | he says that... | Reported Speech |
| sie fragte, ob... | zee FRAHK-teh, op | she asked whether... | Reported Speech |
| er fragte, wann... | air FRAHK-teh, vahn | he asked when... | Reported Speech |
| sie meint, dass... | zee mynt, dahs | she thinks/believes that... | Reported Speech |
| er behauptet, dass... | air beh-HOWP-tet, dahs | he claims that... | Reported Speech |
| sie erklärte, dass... | zee air-KLAIR-teh, dahs | she explained that... | Reported Speech |
| angeblich | AHN-gay-blikh | supposedly / allegedly | Reported Speech |
| laut ihm/ihr | lowt eem/eer | according to him/her | Reported Speech |
| der Beruf | dair beh-ROOF | profession | Work & Career |
| die Arbeit / arbeiten | dee AHR-byt / AHR-by-ten | work / to work | Work & Career |
| die Firma | dee FEER-mah | company | Work & Career |
| der Chef / die Chefin | dair shef / dee SHEF-in | boss | Work & Career |
| das Gehalt | dahs geh-HAHLT | salary | Work & Career |
| die Bewerbung | dee beh-VER-boong | job application | Work & Career |
| der Lebenslauf | dair LAY-bens-lowf | résumé / CV | Work & Career |
| das Vorstellungsgespräch | dahs for-SHTEL-oongs-geh-shpraykh | job interview | Work & Career |
| die Erfahrung | dee air-FAH-roong | experience | Work & Career |
| die Kündigung | dee KUEN-dee-goong | dismissal / resignation | Work & Career |
| der Kollege / die Kollegin | dair kol-AY-geh / dee kol-AY-gin | colleague | Work & Career |
| befördert werden | beh-FUR-dert VAIR-den | to be promoted | Work & Career |
| die Teilzeit / die Vollzeit | dee TILE-tsyte / dee FOL-tsyte | part-time / full-time | Work & Career |
| die Umwelt | dee OOM-velt | the environment | Environment & Sustainability |
| der Klimawandel | dair KLEE-mah-vahn-del | climate change | Environment & Sustainability |
| recyceln | ree-SY-keln | to recycle | Environment & Sustainability |
| der Müll | dair muel | trash / waste | Environment & Sustainability |
| die erneuerbare Energie | dee air-NOY-er-bah-reh eh-nair-GEE | renewable energy | Environment & Sustainability |
| nachhaltig | NAHKH-hahl-tikh | sustainable | Environment & Sustainability |
| die Ressource | dee reh-SOOR-seh | resource | Environment & Sustainability |
| die Verschmutzung | dee fair-SHMOO-tsoong | pollution | Environment & Sustainability |
| der CO2-Ausstoß | dair tsay-oh-tsvy OWS-shtohs | CO2 emissions | Environment & Sustainability |
| Plastik vermeiden | PLAHS-tik fair-MY-den | to avoid plastic | Environment & Sustainability |
| der Umweltschutz | dair OOM-velt-shoots | environmental protection | Environment & Sustainability |
| die Naturkatastrophe | dee nah-TOOR-kah-tah-stroh-feh | natural disaster | Environment & Sustainability |
| die Nachrichten | dee NAHKH-rikh-ten | the news | Media & News |
| die Zeitung | dee TSY-toong | the newspaper | Media & News |
| der Bericht | dair beh-RIKHT | the report | Media & News |
| berichten über | beh-RIKH-ten UE-ber | to report on | Media & News |
| die Schlagzeile | dee SHLAHK-tsy-leh | the headline | Media & News |
| die Quelle | dee KVEL-eh | the source | Media & News |
| glaubwürdig | GLOWP-vuer-dikh | credible / trustworthy | Media & News |
| soziale Medien | zoh-TSYAH-leh MAY-dee-en | social media | Media & News |
| die Meinungsfreiheit | dee MY-noongs-fry-hyte | freedom of opinion/speech | Media & News |
| sich informieren über | zikh in-for-MEE-ren UE-ber | to inform oneself about | Media & News |
| die Fake News | dee fayk nooz | fake news | Media & News |
| der Journalist / die Journalistin | dair zhoor-nah-LIST / dee zhoor-nah-LIS-tin | journalist | Media & News |
| meiner Meinung nach | MY-ner MY-noong nahkh | in my opinion | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| ich denke, dass | ikh DENK-eh, dahs | I think that | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| ich finde, dass | ikh FIN-deh, dahs | I find/think that | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| ich stimme zu | ikh SHTIM-eh tsoo | I agree | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| ich stimme nicht zu | ikh SHTIM-eh nikht tsoo | I don't agree | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| ich bin anderer Meinung | ikh bin AHN-deh-rer MY-noong | I am of a different opinion / I disagree | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| das sehe ich genauso | dahs ZAY-eh ikh geh-NOW-zoh | I see it exactly the same way | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| das stimmt nicht ganz | dahs shtimt nikht gahnts | that's not quite right | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| einerseits...andererseits | EYE-ner-zyts ... AHN-deh-rer-zyts | on the one hand...on the other hand | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| im Gegensatz dazu | im GAY-gen-zahts dah-TSOO | in contrast to that | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| ich bin überzeugt, dass | ikh bin UE-ber-tsoykt, dahs | I am convinced that | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| Sehr geehrte/r ... | zair geh-AIR-teh/geh-AIR-ter | Dear ... (formal) | Formal Letters & Emails |
| Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren | zair geh-AIR-teh DAH-men oont HAIR-en | Dear Sir or Madam | Formal Letters & Emails |
| Mit freundlichen Grüßen | mit FROYNT-likh-en GRUE-sen | Kind regards | Formal Letters & Emails |
| Ich schreibe Ihnen bezüglich... | ikh SHRY-beh EE-nen beh-TSUEG-likh | I am writing to you regarding... | Formal Letters & Emails |
| Ich möchte Sie darüber informieren, dass... | ikh MERKH-teh zee dah-RUE-ber in-for-MEE-ren, dahs | I would like to inform you that... | Formal Letters & Emails |
| Anbei finden Sie... | AHN-by FIN-den zee | Please find attached... | Formal Letters & Emails |
| Ich bedanke mich im Voraus. | ikh beh-DAHNK-eh mikh im for-OWS | Thank you in advance. | Formal Letters & Emails |
| Für weitere Fragen stehe ich Ihnen gerne zur Verfügung. | fuer VY-teh-reh FRAH-gen SHTAY-eh ikh EE-nen GAIR-neh tsoor fair-FUE-goong | I am happy to answer any further questions. | Formal Letters & Emails |
| Ich bitte Sie um eine baldige Antwort. | ikh BIT-eh zee oom EYE-neh BAHL-dee-geh AHNT-vort | I ask you for a prompt reply. | Formal Letters & Emails |
| Zunächst möchte ich... | tsoo-NAYKHST MERKH-teh ikh | First, I would like to... | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| Ich komme nun zu... | ikh KOM-eh noon tsoo | I now come to... | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| Ein weiterer Punkt ist... | ine VY-teh-rer poonkt ist | Another point is... | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| Außerdem... | OW-ser-dame | Furthermore... | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| Lassen Sie mich mit... beginnen. | LAHS-en zee mikh mit ... beh-GIN-en | Let me begin with... | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass... | tsoo-ZAHM-en-fahs-ent lest zikh ZAH-gen, dahs | In summary, it can be said that... | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| Zum Schluss möchte ich sagen, dass... | tsoom shloos MERKH-teh ikh ZAH-gen, dahs | In conclusion, I would like to say that... | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit. | FEE-len dahnk fuer EE-reh OWF-mairk-zahm-kyte | Thank you for your attention. | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| der Vorteil | dair FOR-tile | the advantage | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| der Nachteil | dair NAHKH-tile | the disadvantage | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| ein Vorteil ist, dass... | ine FOR-tile ist, dahs | an advantage is that... | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| ein Nachteil besteht darin, dass... | ine NAHKH-tile beh-SHTAYT dah-RIN, dahs | a disadvantage consists in the fact that... | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| einerseits...andererseits | EYE-ner-zyts ... AHN-deh-rer-zyts | on the one hand...on the other hand | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| im Vergleich zu | im fair-GLYKH tsoo | in comparison to | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| ein weiterer Nachteil | ine VY-teh-rer NAHKH-tile | a further disadvantage | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| alles in allem | AHL-es in AHL-em | all in all | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| es überwiegen die Vorteile | es UE-ber-vee-gen dee FOR-tile-eh | the advantages outweigh (the rest) | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| sich beschweren über | zikh beh-SHVAIR-en UE-ber | to complain about | Complaints & Problems |
| das Problem | dahs proh-BLAME | the problem | Complaints & Problems |
| Das Problem besteht darin, dass... | dahs proh-BLAME beh-SHTAYT dah-RIN, dahs | The problem is that... | Complaints & Problems |
| es funktioniert nicht | es foonk-tsee-oh-NEERT nikht | it doesn't work | Complaints & Problems |
| ich bin unzufrieden mit... | ikh bin OON-tsoo-free-den mit | I am dissatisfied with... | Complaints & Problems |
| die Reklamation | dee reh-klah-mah-TSYOHN | the complaint (formal/written) | Complaints & Problems |
| der Fehler | dair FAY-ler | the error / mistake | Complaints & Problems |
| ich fordere eine Rückerstattung. | ikh FOR-deh-reh EYE-neh RUEK-air-shtah-toong | I am requesting a refund. | Complaints & Problems |
| das ist inakzeptabel | dahs ist in-ahk-tsep-TAH-bel | that is unacceptable | Complaints & Problems |
| vorhaben | FOR-hah-ben | to plan/intend | Life Plans & Wishes |
| Ich habe vor, zu... | ikh HAH-beh for, tsoo | I plan to... | Life Plans & Wishes |
| das Ziel | dahs tseel | the goal | Life Plans & Wishes |
| der Traum | dair trowm | the dream | Life Plans & Wishes |
| Ich würde gerne... | ikh VUER-deh GAIR-neh | I would love to... | Life Plans & Wishes |
| hoffen, dass | HOF-en, dahs | to hope that | Life Plans & Wishes |
| Ich hoffe, dass... | ikh HOF-eh, dahs | I hope that... | Life Plans & Wishes |
| sich etwas wünschen | zikh ET-vahs VUEN-shen | to wish for something | Life Plans & Wishes |
| die Zukunft | dee TSOO-koonft | the future | Life Plans & Wishes |
| verwirklichen | fair-VEERK-likh-en | to realize/make come true | Life Plans & Wishes |
| Das freut mich (zu hören). | dahs froyt mikh (tsoo HER-en) | I'm glad (to hear that). | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| Das tut mir leid. | dahs toot meer lyte | I'm sorry (about that). | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| Vielen Dank für Ihr Feedback. | FEE-len dahnk fuer eer FEED-behk | Thank you for your feedback. | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| Ich kann Ihre Kritik nachvollziehen. | ikh kahn EE-reh kree-TEEK nahkh-FOL-tsee-en | I understand your criticism. | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| Ich würde vorschlagen, dass... | ikh VUER-deh FOR-shlah-gen, dahs | I would suggest that... | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| das ist verständlich | dahs ist fair-SHTENT-likh | that's understandable | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| gute Arbeit! | GOO-teh AHR-byte | good work! | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| das könnte man verbessern | dahs KERN-teh mahn fair-BES-ern | that could be improved | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| Sehr geehrte/r ..., | zair geh-AIR-teh/geh-AIR-ter | Dear ..., (formal) | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| Ich schreibe Ihnen bezüglich... | ikh SHRY-beh EE-nen beh-TSUEG-likh | I'm writing to you regarding... | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| Leider muss ich mich beschweren, dass... | LY-der moos ikh mikh beh-SHVAIR-en, dahs | Unfortunately, I must complain that... | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| Das Problem besteht darin, dass... | dahs proh-BLAME beh-SHTAYT dah-RIN, dahs | The problem is that... | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| Ich bitte Sie um eine baldige Antwort. | ikh BIT-eh zee oom EYE-neh BAHL-dee-geh AHNT-vort | I ask you for a prompt reply. | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| Ich hoffe auf eine schnelle Lösung. | ikh HOF-eh owf EYE-neh SHNEL-eh LER-zoong | I hope for a quick solution. | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| Mit freundlichen Grüßen | mit FROYNT-likh-en GRUE-sen | Kind regards | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| Vielen Dank im Voraus für Ihr Verständnis. | FEE-len dahnk im for-OWS fuer eer fair-SHTENT-nis | Thank you in advance for your understanding. | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| muss gemacht werden | moos geh-MAHKHT VAIR-den | must be done | Passive with Modal Verbs |
| kann repariert werden | kahn reh-pah-REERT VAIR-den | can be repaired | Passive with Modal Verbs |
| soll gebaut werden | zol geh-BOWT VAIR-den | should be built | Passive with Modal Verbs |
| darf nicht geraucht werden | dahrf nikht geh-ROWKHT VAIR-den | smoking is not allowed | Passive with Modal Verbs |
| muss bezahlt werden | moos beh-TSAHLT VAIR-den | must be paid | Passive with Modal Verbs |
| konnte nicht gefunden werden | KON-teh nikht geh-FOON-den VAIR-den | could not be found | Passive with Modal Verbs |
| sollte erledigt werden | ZOL-teh air-LAY-dikht VAIR-den | should be taken care of | Passive with Modal Verbs |
| darf nicht vergessen werden | dahrf nikht fair-GEH-sen VAIR-den | must not be forgotten | Passive with Modal Verbs |
| musste abgesagt werden | MOOS-teh AHP-geh-zahkt VAIR-den | had to be canceled | Passive with Modal Verbs |
| kann verwendet werden | kahn fair-VEN-det VAIR-den | can be used | Passive with Modal Verbs |
| muss beachtet werden | moos beh-AHKH-tet VAIR-den | must be observed/heeded | Passive with Modal Verbs |
| sollte vermieden werden | ZOL-teh fair-MEE-den VAIR-den | should be avoided | Passive with Modal Verbs |
| er sei | air zy | he is (reported) | Konjunktiv I: Formal Reported Speech |
| sie habe | zee HAH-beh | she has (reported) | Konjunktiv I: Formal Reported Speech |
| es gebe | es GAY-beh | there is/are (reported) | Konjunktiv I: Formal Reported Speech |
| er werde | air VAIR-deh | he will (reported) | Konjunktiv I: Formal Reported Speech |
| behaupten | beh-HOWP-ten | to claim/assert | Konjunktiv I: Formal Reported Speech |
| erklären | air-KLAIR-en | to explain/state | Konjunktiv I: Formal Reported Speech |
| berichten | beh-RIKH-ten | to report | Konjunktiv I: Formal Reported Speech |
| betonen | beh-TOH-nen | to emphasize | Konjunktiv I: Formal Reported Speech |
| mitteilen | MIT-ty-len | to inform/announce | Konjunktiv I: Formal Reported Speech |
| bestreiten | beh-SHTRY-ten | to dispute/deny | Konjunktiv I: Formal Reported Speech |
| angeblich | AHN-gayp-likh | allegedly | Konjunktiv I: Formal Reported Speech |
| jemandem zufolge | YAY-mahn-dem tsoo-FOL-geh | according to someone | Konjunktiv I: Formal Reported Speech |
| der stehende Mann | dair SHTAY-en-deh mahn | the standing man | Extended Participial Constructions |
| das geschriebene Buch | dahs geh-SHREE-beh-neh bookh | the (already) written book | Extended Participial Constructions |
| die wachsende Wirtschaft | dee VAHK-sen-deh VEERT-shahft | the growing economy | Extended Participial Constructions |
| der zunehmende Druck | dair TSOO-nay-men-deh drook | the increasing pressure | Extended Participial Constructions |
| die spielenden Kinder | dee SHPEE-len-den KIN-der | the playing children | Extended Participial Constructions |
| der lachende Junge | dair LAHKH-en-deh YOON-geh | the laughing boy | Extended Participial Constructions |
| die geplante Reise | dee geh-PLAHN-teh RY-zeh | the planned trip | Extended Participial Constructions |
| das benötigte Geld | dahs beh-NUR-tikh-teh gelt | the needed/required money | Extended Participial Constructions |
| der überraschende Erfolg | dair EW-ber-rah-shen-deh air-FOLK | the surprising success | Extended Participial Constructions |
| das von mir geschriebene Buch | dahs fon meer geh-SHREE-beh-neh bookh | the book written by me | Extended Participial Constructions |
| das Lesen | dahs LAY-zen | reading | Nominalization |
| das Rauchen | dahs ROW-khen | smoking | Nominalization |
| die Untersuchung | dee OON-ter-zoo-khoong | the investigation/examination | Nominalization |
| die Entwicklung | dee ent-VIK-loong | the development | Nominalization |
| die Möglichkeit | dee MUR-glikh-kyt | the possibility | Nominalization |
| die Sicherheit | dee ZIKH-er-hyt | the safety/security | Nominalization |
| die Freiheit | dee FRY-hyt | the freedom | Nominalization |
| der Beginn | dair beh-GIN | the beginning | Nominalization |
| die Teilnahme | dee TYL-nah-meh | the participation | Nominalization |
| die Verbesserung | dee fair-BEH-ser-oong | the improvement | Nominalization |
| die Anwendung | dee AHN-ven-doong | the application/use | Nominalization |
| unglücklich | OON-glewk-likh | unhappy | Word-Formation Prefixes: un-, ver-, ent-, zer-, be- |
| die Unordnung | dee OON-ord-noong | the disorder/mess | Word-Formation Prefixes: un-, ver-, ent-, zer-, be- |
| verstehen | fair-SHTAY-en | to understand | Word-Formation Prefixes: un-, ver-, ent-, zer-, be- |
| verlieren | fair-LEE-ren | to lose | Word-Formation Prefixes: un-, ver-, ent-, zer-, be- |
| sich verspäten | zikh fair-SHPAY-ten | to be late/run late | Word-Formation Prefixes: un-, ver-, ent-, zer-, be- |
| entstehen | ent-SHTAY-en | to arise/come into being | Word-Formation Prefixes: un-, ver-, ent-, zer-, be- |
| entdecken | ent-DEK-en | to discover | Word-Formation Prefixes: un-, ver-, ent-, zer-, be- |
| entfernen | ent-FAIR-nen | to remove | Word-Formation Prefixes: un-, ver-, ent-, zer-, be- |
| zerbrechen | tsair-BREH-khen | to shatter/break to pieces | Word-Formation Prefixes: un-, ver-, ent-, zer-, be- |
| zerstören | tsair-SHTUR-ren | to destroy | Word-Formation Prefixes: un-, ver-, ent-, zer-, be- |
| beantworten | beh-AHNT-vor-ten | to answer | Word-Formation Prefixes: un-, ver-, ent-, zer-, be- |
| bewohnen | beh-VOH-nen | to inhabit | Word-Formation Prefixes: un-, ver-, ent-, zer-, be- |
| je mehr, desto besser | yay mair, DES-toh BESS-er | the more, the better | je...desto (The more..., the more...) |
| je früher, desto besser | yay FREW-er, DES-toh BESS-er | the earlier, the better | je...desto (The more..., the more...) |
| je älter, desto weiser | yay EL-ter, DES-toh VY-zer | the older, the wiser | je...desto (The more..., the more...) |
| je schneller, desto besser | yay SHNEL-er, DES-toh BESS-er | the faster, the better | je...desto (The more..., the more...) |
| je länger, desto schwieriger | yay LENG-er, DES-toh SHVEER-i-ger | the longer, the more difficult | je...desto (The more..., the more...) |
| umso besser | OOM-zoh BESS-er | all the better | je...desto (The more..., the more...) |
| umso mehr | OOM-zoh mair | all the more | je...desto (The more..., the more...) |
| klüger | KLEW-ger | smarter/wiser | je...desto (The more..., the more...) |
| wichtiger | VIKH-ti-ger | more important | je...desto (The more..., the more...) |
| obwohl | op-VOHL | although | Concessive Clauses: obwohl, trotzdem, zwar...aber |
| obgleich | op-GLYKH | although (more formal) | Concessive Clauses: obwohl, trotzdem, zwar...aber |
| trotzdem | TROTS-dame | nevertheless/despite that | Concessive Clauses: obwohl, trotzdem, zwar...aber |
| dennoch | DEN-nokh | nevertheless/still | Concessive Clauses: obwohl, trotzdem, zwar...aber |
| zwar ... aber | tsvar ... AH-ber | granted ... but | Concessive Clauses: obwohl, trotzdem, zwar...aber |
| allerdings | AH-ler-dings | however/mind you | Concessive Clauses: obwohl, trotzdem, zwar...aber |
| nichtsdestotrotz | nikhts-DES-toh-trots | nonetheless (emphatic) | Concessive Clauses: obwohl, trotzdem, zwar...aber |
| immerhin | IM-mer-hin | at least/still | Concessive Clauses: obwohl, trotzdem, zwar...aber |
| sodass | zoh-DAHS | so that / with the result that | Result Clauses: so dass / sodass |
| so dass | zoh dahs | so that (older spelling) | Result Clauses: so dass / sodass |
| so laut, dass... | zoh lowt, dahs | so loud that... | Result Clauses: so dass / sodass |
| so müde, dass... | zoh MEW-deh, dahs | so tired that... | Result Clauses: so dass / sodass |
| mit dem Ergebnis, dass... | mit dame air-GAYP-nis, dahs | with the result that... | Result Clauses: so dass / sodass |
| infolgedessen | in-FOL-geh-des-en | as a consequence | Result Clauses: so dass / sodass |
| deshalb | des-HAHLP | therefore/for that reason | Result Clauses: so dass / sodass |
| folglich | FOLK-likh | consequently | Result Clauses: so dass / sodass |
| damit | DAH-mit | so that (different subjects) | Purpose Clauses: damit vs. um...zu |
| um ... zu | oom ... tsoo | in order to (same subject) | Purpose Clauses: damit vs. um...zu |
| um Deutsch zu lernen | oom doytsh tsoo LAIR-nen | in order to learn German | Purpose Clauses: damit vs. um...zu |
| um es zu verstehen | oom es tsoo fair-SHTAY-en | in order to understand it | Purpose Clauses: damit vs. um...zu |
| das Ziel | dahs tseel | the goal | Purpose Clauses: damit vs. um...zu |
| der Zweck | dair tsvek | the purpose | Purpose Clauses: damit vs. um...zu |
| zu diesem Zweck | tsoo DEE-zem tsvek | for this purpose | Purpose Clauses: damit vs. um...zu |
| absichtlich | AHP-zikht-likh | on purpose/deliberately | Purpose Clauses: damit vs. um...zu |
| ob | op | whether/if | Indirect Questions: ob and W-words |
| wissen | VIS-en | to know | Indirect Questions: ob and W-words |
| sich fragen | zikh FRAH-gen | to wonder | Indirect Questions: ob and W-words |
| ich frage mich, ob... | ikh FRAH-geh mikh, op | I wonder whether... | Indirect Questions: ob and W-words |
| ich weiß nicht, ob... | ikh vys nikht, op | I don't know whether... | Indirect Questions: ob and W-words |
| warum | vah-ROOM | why | Indirect Questions: ob and W-words |
| wie | vee | how | Indirect Questions: ob and W-words |
| welche | VEL-kheh | which | Indirect Questions: ob and W-words |
| keine Ahnung, ob... | KY-neh AH-noong, op | no idea whether... | Indirect Questions: ob and W-words |
| ist zu erledigen | ist tsoo air-LAY-di-gen | is to be done | Passive Alternatives: sein...zu, sich lassen |
| ist zu erkennen | ist tsoo air-KEN-en | can be recognized | Passive Alternatives: sein...zu, sich lassen |
| lässt sich lösen | lest zikh LUR-zen | can be solved | Passive Alternatives: sein...zu, sich lassen |
| lässt sich machen | lest zikh MAH-khen | can be done | Passive Alternatives: sein...zu, sich lassen |
| lässt sich reparieren | lest zikh reh-pah-REE-ren | can be repaired | Passive Alternatives: sein...zu, sich lassen |
| lösbar | LUR-zbar | solvable | Passive Alternatives: sein...zu, sich lassen |
| essbar | ES-bar | edible | Passive Alternatives: sein...zu, sich lassen |
| sichtbar | ZIKHT-bar | visible | Passive Alternatives: sein...zu, sich lassen |
| machbar | MAHKH-bar | feasible/doable | Passive Alternatives: sein...zu, sich lassen |
| erreichbar | air-RYKH-bar | reachable/attainable | Passive Alternatives: sein...zu, sich lassen |
| einerseits ... andererseits | EYE-ner-zyts ... AHN-der-er-zyts | on the one hand ... on the other hand | Two-Part Connectors: einerseits...andererseits |
| zum einen ... zum anderen | tsoom EYE-nen ... tsoom AHN-der-en | for one thing ... for another | Two-Part Connectors: einerseits...andererseits |
| auf der einen Seite ... auf der anderen Seite | owf dair EYE-nen ZY-teh ... owf dair AHN-der-en ZY-teh | on one side ... on the other side | Two-Part Connectors: einerseits...andererseits |
| Einerseits habe ich Zeit, andererseits kein Geld. | EYE-ner-zyts HAH-beh ikh tsyt, AHN-der-er-zyts kyn gelt | On the one hand I have time, on the other hand no money. | Two-Part Connectors: einerseits...andererseits |
| im Gegensatz dazu | im GAY-gen-zahts dah-TSOO | in contrast to that | Two-Part Connectors: einerseits...andererseits |
| dagegen | dah-GAY-gen | on the other hand/against that | Two-Part Connectors: einerseits...andererseits |
| trotz | trots | despite/in spite of | Genitive Prepositions: trotz, während, wegen, statt |
| wegen | VAY-gen | because of | Genitive Prepositions: trotz, während, wegen, statt |
| während | VAIR-ent | during | Genitive Prepositions: trotz, während, wegen, statt |
| statt | shtaht | instead of | Genitive Prepositions: trotz, während, wegen, statt |
| anstatt | ahn-SHTAHT | instead of (fuller form) | Genitive Prepositions: trotz, während, wegen, statt |
| trotz des Regens | trots des RAY-gens | despite the rain | Genitive Prepositions: trotz, während, wegen, statt |
| wegen der Arbeit | VAY-gen dair AHR-byt | because of the work | Genitive Prepositions: trotz, während, wegen, statt |
| statt eines Autos | shtaht Y-nes OW-tohs | instead of a car | Genitive Prepositions: trotz, während, wegen, statt |
| außerhalb | OW-ser-hahlp | outside of | Genitive Prepositions: trotz, während, wegen, statt |
| innerhalb | IN-er-hahlp | within/inside of | Genitive Prepositions: trotz, während, wegen, statt |
| aufgrund | owf-GROONT | due to/on the basis of | Genitive Prepositions: trotz, während, wegen, statt |
| die Regierung | dee reh-GEE-roong | the government | Politics & Society |
| das Gesetz | dahs geh-ZETS | the law | Politics & Society |
| die Wahl | dee vahl | the election | Politics & Society |
| die Partei | dee par-TY | the political party | Politics & Society |
| abstimmen | AHP-shtim-en | to vote | Politics & Society |
| die Gesellschaft | dee geh-ZEL-shahft | society | Politics & Society |
| der Bürger / die Bürgerin | dair BEWR-ger / dee BEWR-ger-in | the citizen | Politics & Society |
| die Demokratie | dee day-moh-krah-TEE | democracy | Politics & Society |
| die Verfassung | dee fair-FAH-soong | the constitution | Politics & Society |
| die Menschenrechte | dee MEN-shen-rekh-teh | human rights | Politics & Society |
| die Opposition | dee oh-poh-zi-tsee-OHN | the opposition | Politics & Society |
| der Kanzler / die Kanzlerin | dair KAHNTS-ler / dee KAHNTS-ler-in | the chancellor | Politics & Society |
| die Öffentlichkeit | dee UR-fent-likh-kyt | the public | Politics & Society |
| die Debatte | dee day-BAH-teh | the debate | Politics & Society |
| das Parlament | dahs par-lah-MENT | the parliament | Politics & Society |
| die Wirtschaft | dee VEERT-shahft | the economy | Economy & Business |
| das Unternehmen | dahs oon-ter-NAY-men | the company/enterprise | Economy & Business |
| der Markt | dair markt | the market | Economy & Business |
| die Nachfrage | dee NAHKH-frah-geh | the demand | Economy & Business |
| das Angebot | dahs AHN-geh-boht | the supply/offer | Economy & Business |
| der Gewinn | dair geh-VIN | the profit | Economy & Business |
| der Verlust | dair fair-LOOST | the loss | Economy & Business |
| die Investition | dee in-ves-ti-tsee-OHN | the investment | Economy & Business |
| der Wettbewerb | dair VET-beh-vairp | the competition | Economy & Business |
| die Arbeitslosigkeit | dee AHR-byts-loh-zikh-kyt | unemployment | Economy & Business |
| das Wachstum | dahs VAHKS-toom | growth | Economy & Business |
| die Inflation | dee in-flah-tsee-OHN | inflation | Economy & Business |
| der Umsatz | dair OOM-zahts | the revenue/turnover | Economy & Business |
| die Aktie | dee AHK-tsee-eh | the (stock) share | Economy & Business |
| verhandeln | fair-HAHN-deln | to negotiate | Economy & Business |
| die Forschung | dee FOR-shoong | research | Science & Technology |
| das Experiment | dahs ex-peh-ri-MENT | the experiment | Science & Technology |
| die Erfindung | dee air-FIN-doong | the invention | Science & Technology |
| die Entwicklung | dee ent-VIK-loong | the development | Science & Technology |
| künstliche Intelligenz | KEWNST-likh-eh in-tel-i-GENTS | artificial intelligence | Science & Technology |
| die Software | dee SOFT-vair | the software | Science & Technology |
| digitalisieren | di-gi-tah-li-ZEE-ren | to digitize | Science & Technology |
| die Studie | dee SHTOO-dee-eh | the study | Science & Technology |
| nachweisen | NAHKH-vy-zen | to prove/demonstrate | Science & Technology |
| die Innovation | dee in-noh-vah-tsee-OHN | the innovation | Science & Technology |
| das Ergebnis | dahs air-GAYP-nis | the result | Science & Technology |
| die Technologie | dee tekh-noh-loh-GEE | the technology | Science & Technology |
| der Fortschritt | dair FORT-shrit | the progress | Science & Technology |
| die Daten | dee DAH-ten | the data | Science & Technology |
| untersuchen | oon-ter-ZOO-khen | to examine/investigate | Science & Technology |
| die Auswirkung | dee OWS-veer-koong | the effect/impact | Science & Technology |
| meiner Meinung nach | MY-ner MY-noong nahkh | in my opinion | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| ich bin der Ansicht, dass... | ikh bin dair AHN-zikht, dahs | I am of the view that... | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| ich stimme zu | ikh SHTIM-eh tsoo | I agree | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| ich stimme nicht zu | ikh SHTIM-eh nikht tsoo | I disagree | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| das sehe ich anders | dahs ZAY-eh ikh AHN-ders | I see it differently | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| im Gegensatz dazu | im GAY-gen-zahts dah-TSOO | in contrast to that | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| aus diesem Grund | ows DEE-zem groont | for this reason | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| es kommt darauf an | es komt dah-ROWF ahn | it depends | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| das Argument | dahs ar-goo-MENT | the argument | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| der Standpunkt | dair SHTAHNT-poonkt | the standpoint/position | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| überzeugen | ew-ber-TSOY-gen | to convince | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| widersprechen | VEE-der-shpreh-khen | to contradict | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| zustimmen | TSOO-shtim-en | to agree/consent | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| die Behauptung | dee beh-HOWP-toong | the claim/assertion | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| betonen | beh-TOH-nen | to emphasize | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| die Kunst | dee koonst | art | Culture & the Arts |
| das Museum | dahs moo-ZAY-oom | the museum | Culture & the Arts |
| die Ausstellung | dee OWS-shtel-oong | the exhibition | Culture & the Arts |
| der Künstler / die Künstlerin | dair KEWNST-ler / dee KEWNST-ler-in | the artist | Culture & the Arts |
| das Gemälde | dahs geh-MAIL-deh | the painting | Culture & the Arts |
| die Literatur | dee li-teh-rah-TOOR | literature | Culture & the Arts |
| das Theater | dahs tay-AH-ter | the theater | Culture & the Arts |
| die Aufführung | dee OWF-few-roong | the performance | Culture & the Arts |
| der Roman | dair roh-MAHN | the novel | Culture & the Arts |
| die Tradition | dee trah-di-tsee-OHN | the tradition | Culture & the Arts |
| das Kulturerbe | dahs kool-TOOR-air-beh | cultural heritage | Culture & the Arts |
| die Veranstaltung | dee fair-AHN-shtahl-toong | the event | Culture & the Arts |
| die Skulptur | dee skoolp-TOOR | the sculpture | Culture & the Arts |
| das Konzert | dahs kon-TSAIRT | the concert | Culture & the Arts |
| vielfältig | FEEL-felt-ikh | diverse/varied | Culture & the Arts |
| das Meisterwerk | dahs MY-ster-vairk | the masterpiece | Culture & the Arts |
| steigen | SHTY-gen | to rise/increase | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| sinken | ZIN-ken | to fall/decrease | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| sich verändern | zikh fair-EN-dern | to change | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| zunehmen | TSOO-nay-men | to increase | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| abnehmen | AHP-nay-men | to decrease | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| stagnieren | shtahg-NEE-ren | to stagnate/level off | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| der Anstieg | dair AHN-shteek | the rise/increase | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| der Rückgang | dair REWK-gahng | the decline/decrease | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| die Grafik | dee GRAH-fik | the graph | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| das Diagramm | dahs dee-ah-GRAHM | the chart/diagram | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| die x-Achse / die y-Achse | dee IKS-ahk-seh / dee EWP-see-lon-ahk-seh | the x-axis / the y-axis | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| um ... Prozent | oom ... proh-TSENT | by ... percent | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| im Vergleich zu | im fair-GLYKH tsoo | compared to | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| deutlich | DOYT-likh | noticeably/clearly | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| leicht | lykht | slightly | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| die Einleitung | dee EYN-ly-toong | the introduction | Structuring a Formal Essay (Erörterung) |
| der Hauptteil | dair HOWPT-tyl | the main body | Structuring a Formal Essay (Erörterung) |
| der Schluss | dair shloos | the conclusion | Structuring a Formal Essay (Erörterung) |
| zunächst | tsoo-NAYKHST | first/to begin with | Structuring a Formal Essay (Erörterung) |
| des Weiteren | des VY-teh-ren | furthermore | Structuring a Formal Essay (Erörterung) |
| abschließend | AHP-shlee-sent | in conclusion | Structuring a Formal Essay (Erörterung) |
| zusammenfassend | tsoo-ZAH-men-fah-sent | to summarize | Structuring a Formal Essay (Erörterung) |
| die These | dee TAY-zeh | the thesis | Structuring a Formal Essay (Erörterung) |
| das Fazit | dahs FAH-tsit | the takeaway/conclusion | Structuring a Formal Essay (Erörterung) |
| es lässt sich sagen, dass... | es lest zikh ZAH-gen, dahs | it can be said that... | Structuring a Formal Essay (Erörterung) |
| dafür spricht, dass... | dah-FEWR shprikht, dahs | in favor of this is the fact that... | Structuring a Formal Essay (Erörterung) |
| dagegen spricht, dass... | dah-GAY-gen shprikht, dahs | against this is the fact that... | Structuring a Formal Essay (Erörterung) |
| ein weiteres Argument | eyn VY-teh-res ar-goo-MENT | another argument | Structuring a Formal Essay (Erörterung) |
| ich muss widersprechen | ikh moos VEE-der-shpreh-khen | I must disagree | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| da haben Sie recht | dah HAH-ben zee rekht | you're right about that | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| das stimmt nur teilweise | dahs shtimt noor TYL-vy-zeh | that's only partly true | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| so würde ich das nicht sehen | zoh VEWR-deh ikh dahs nikht ZAY-en | I wouldn't quite see it that way | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| ich kann dem nicht ganz zustimmen | ikh kahn dame nikht gahnts TSOO-shtim-en | I can't entirely agree with that | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| das ist durchaus richtig | dahs ist doorkh-OWS RIKH-tikh | that's quite correct | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| allerdings | AH-ler-dings | however/mind you | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| dennoch | DEN-nokh | nevertheless | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| aus meiner Sicht | ows MY-ner zikht | from my perspective | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| es lässt sich argumentieren, dass... | es lest zikh ar-goo-men-TEE-ren, dahs | it can be argued that... | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| die Mehrheit | dee MAIR-hyt | the majority | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| die Minderheit | dee MIN-der-hyt | the minority | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| der Durchschnitt | dair DOORKH-shnit | the average | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| die Umfrage | dee OOM-frah-geh | the survey | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| repräsentativ | reh-preh-zen-tah-TEEF | representative | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| die Tendenz | dee ten-DENTS | the trend/tendency | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| im Durchschnitt | im DOORKH-shnit | on average | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| mehr als die Hälfte | mair ahls dee HELF-teh | more than half | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| ein Viertel / ein Drittel | eyn FEER-tel / eyn DRIT-el | a quarter / a third | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| laut einer Studie | lowt Y-ner SHTOO-dee-eh | according to a study | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| die Statistik zeigt, dass... | dee shtah-TIS-tik tsykt, dahs | the statistic shows that... | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| verdoppeln | fair-DOP-eln | to double | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| halbieren | hahl-BEE-ren | to halve | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| insgesamt | ins-geh-ZAHMT | in total/overall | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| vermutlich | fair-MOOT-likh | presumably | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| wahrscheinlich | vahr-SHYN-likh | probably | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| möglicherweise | MUR-glikh-er-vy-zeh | possibly | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| es könnte sein, dass... | es KURN-teh zyn, dahs | it could be that... | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| es dürfte ... sein | es DEWRF-teh ... zyn | it's probably... | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| das muss ... sein | dahs moos ... zyn | that must be... | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| angeblich | AHN-gayp-likh | allegedly | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| offenbar | OF-en-bar | apparently/evidently | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| anscheinend | ahn-SHY-nent | apparently/seemingly | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| es ist davon auszugehen, dass... | es ist DAH-fon OWS-tsoo-gay-en, dahs | it can be assumed that... | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| ich vermute, dass... | ikh fair-MOO-teh, dahs | I suspect that... | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| eventuell | eh-ven-too-EL | possibly (false friend: not 'eventually') | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| doch | dokh | after all / on the contrary (insistence, contradiction) | Modal Particles: doch, ja, eben, halt, mal, schon |
| ja | yah | as you know (shared knowledge) | Modal Particles: doch, ja, eben, halt, mal, schon |
| eben | AY-ben | just / that's simply how it is (resignation; more northern/eastern) | Modal Particles: doch, ja, eben, halt, mal, schon |
| halt | hahlt | just / that's simply how it is (resignation; more southern/Austrian) | Modal Particles: doch, ja, eben, halt, mal, schon |
| mal | mahl | just / for a moment (softening a request) | Modal Particles: doch, ja, eben, halt, mal, schon |
| schon | shohn | surely / don't worry (reassurance) | Modal Particles: doch, ja, eben, halt, mal, schon |
| wohl | vohl | probably / I suppose (weak assumption) | Modal Particles: doch, ja, eben, halt, mal, schon |
| denn | den | so / then (softening a question, adds genuine interest) | Modal Particles: doch, ja, eben, halt, mal, schon |
| aber | AH-ber | wow / really (as an exclamation particle, not 'but') | Modal Particles: doch, ja, eben, halt, mal, schon |
| eigentlich | EYE-gent-likh | actually (softening an opinion or question) | Modal Particles: doch, ja, eben, halt, mal, schon |
| Das hätte ich nicht gedacht. | dahs HET-eh ikh nikht geh-DAHKHT | I wouldn't have thought that. | Past Hypotheticals: hätte gemacht, wäre gegangen |
| Wenn ich das gewusst hätte... | ven ikh dahs geh-VOOST HET-eh | If I had known that... | Past Hypotheticals: hätte gemacht, wäre gegangen |
| Ich wäre gern gekommen. | ikh VAIR-eh gairn geh-KOM-en | I would have loved to come. | Past Hypotheticals: hätte gemacht, wäre gegangen |
| Er hätte es besser machen können. | air HET-eh es BES-er MAHKH-en KERN-en | He could have done it better. | Past Hypotheticals: hätte gemacht, wäre gegangen |
| Das wäre schön gewesen. | dahs VAIR-eh shern geh-VAY-zen | That would have been nice. | Past Hypotheticals: hätte gemacht, wäre gegangen |
| Sie wäre fast gestürzt. | zee VAIR-eh fahst geh-SHTUERTST | She nearly fell. | Past Hypotheticals: hätte gemacht, wäre gegangen |
| Wir hätten das anders entscheiden sollen. | veer HET-en dahs AHN-ders ent-SHY-den ZOL-en | We should have decided that differently. | Past Hypotheticals: hätte gemacht, wäre gegangen |
| Hättest du das gewusst? | HET-est doo dahs geh-VOOST | Would you have known that? | Past Hypotheticals: hätte gemacht, wäre gegangen |
| Das hätte nicht passieren dürfen. | dahs HET-eh nikht pah-SEER-en DUERF-en | That shouldn't have happened. | Past Hypotheticals: hätte gemacht, wäre gegangen |
| beenden → die Beendigung | beh-END-en → dee beh-END-ig-oong | to finish → the completion | Nominal Style vs. Verbal Style |
| durchführen → die Durchführung | DOORKH-fuer-en → dee DOORKH-fuer-oong | to carry out → the implementation | Nominal Style vs. Verbal Style |
| verbessern → die Verbesserung | fer-BES-ern → dee fer-BES-er-oong | to improve → the improvement | Nominal Style vs. Verbal Style |
| entscheiden → die Entscheidung | ent-SHY-den → dee ent-SHY-doong | to decide → the decision | Nominal Style vs. Verbal Style |
| ändern → die Änderung | END-ern → dee END-er-oong | to change → the change/amendment | Nominal Style vs. Verbal Style |
| prüfen → die Prüfung | PRUEF-en → dee PRUEF-oong | to examine → the examination | Nominal Style vs. Verbal Style |
| teilnehmen → die Teilnahme | TYL-nay-men → dee TYL-nah-meh | to participate → the participation | Nominal Style vs. Verbal Style |
| berücksichtigen → die Berücksichtigung | beh-RUEK-zikh-tig-en → dee beh-RUEK-zikh-tig-oong | to take into account → the consideration | Nominal Style vs. Verbal Style |
| morgen | MOR-gen | tomorrow (temporal) | Mittelfeld Word Order: TeKaMoLo |
| heute Abend | HOY-teh AH-bent | this evening (temporal) | Mittelfeld Word Order: TeKaMoLo |
| wegen der Ferien | VAY-gen dair FAIR-ee-en | because of the holidays (kausal) | Mittelfeld Word Order: TeKaMoLo |
| aus diesem Grund | ows DEE-zem groont | for this reason (kausal) | Mittelfeld Word Order: TeKaMoLo |
| mit dem Auto | mit daym OW-toh | by car (modal) | Mittelfeld Word Order: TeKaMoLo |
| ohne Probleme | OH-neh proh-BLAY-meh | without problems (modal) | Mittelfeld Word Order: TeKaMoLo |
| nach Berlin | nahkh ber-LEEN | to Berlin (lokal) | Mittelfeld Word Order: TeKaMoLo |
| im Büro | im bue-ROH | at the office (lokal) | Mittelfeld Word Order: TeKaMoLo |
| zum Ausdruck bringen | tsoom OWS-drook BRING-en | to express / give expression to | Function Verb Constructions |
| in Kraft treten | in krahft TRAY-ten | to come into force/effect | Function Verb Constructions |
| eine Entscheidung treffen | EYE-neh ent-SHY-doong TREF-en | to make a decision | Function Verb Constructions |
| zur Verfügung stehen | tsoor fer-FUEG-oong SHTAY-en | to be available | Function Verb Constructions |
| in Anspruch nehmen | in AHN-shprookh NAY-men | to make use of / claim | Function Verb Constructions |
| Rücksicht nehmen auf | RUEK-zikht NAY-men owf | to show consideration for | Function Verb Constructions |
| Stellung nehmen zu | SHTEL-oong NAY-men tsoo | to take a position on / comment on | Function Verb Constructions |
| zum Abschluss kommen | tsoom AHP-shloos KOM-en | to be concluded / come to a close | Function Verb Constructions |
| unter Beweis stellen | OON-ter beh-VYS SHTEL-en | to demonstrate / prove | Function Verb Constructions |
| Einfluss nehmen auf | EYEN-floos NAY-men owf | to exert influence on | Function Verb Constructions |
| in Erwägung ziehen | in air-VAY-goong TSEE-en | to take into consideration / contemplate | Function Verb Constructions |
| zur Sprache kommen | tsoor SHPRAH-kheh KOM-en | to come up / be brought up (in discussion) | Function Verb Constructions |
| dennoch | DEN-nokh | nevertheless | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| allerdings | AL-er-dings | that said / mind you (contrast plus qualification) | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| jedoch | yay-DOKH | however | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| indessen | in-DES-en | meanwhile / however (formal) | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| nichtsdestotrotz | nikhts-des-toh-TROTS | nonetheless (formal) | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| gleichwohl | GLYKH-vohl | nonetheless / all the same (formal) | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| mithin | mit-HIN | therefore / thus (formal) | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| folglich | FOLG-likh | consequently | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| demzufolge | daym-tsoo-FOL-geh | accordingly / hence | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| zumal | tsoo-MAHL | especially since / particularly as | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| immerhin | IM-er-hin | at least / after all (acknowledging a redeeming point) | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| Die Tür ist geöffnet. / wird geöffnet. | dee tuer ist geh-ERF-net / vird geh-ERF-net | The door is open. / is being opened. | State-Passive vs. Process-Passive |
| Der Laden ist geschlossen. / wird geschlossen. | dair LAH-den ist geh-SHLOS-en / vird geh-SHLOS-en | The shop is closed. / is being closed. | State-Passive vs. Process-Passive |
| Das Auto ist repariert. / wird repariert. | dahs OW-toh ist reh-pah-REERT / vird reh-pah-REERT | The car is fixed. / is being fixed. | State-Passive vs. Process-Passive |
| Die Aufgabe ist erledigt. / wird erledigt. | dee OWF-gah-beh ist er-LAY-dikht / vird er-LAY-dikht | The task is done. / is being done. | State-Passive vs. Process-Passive |
| Der Brief ist geschrieben. / wird geschrieben. | dair breef ist geh-SHREE-ben / vird geh-SHREE-ben | The letter is written. / is being written. | State-Passive vs. Process-Passive |
| Das Zimmer ist aufgeräumt. / wird aufgeräumt. | dahs TSIM-er ist OWF-geh-roymt / vird OWF-geh-roymt | The room is tidied. / is being tidied. | State-Passive vs. Process-Passive |
| Die Rechnung ist bezahlt. / wird bezahlt. | dee REKH-noong ist beh-TSAHLT / vird beh-TSAHLT | The bill is paid. / is being paid. | State-Passive vs. Process-Passive |
| Das Fenster ist eingeschlagen. / wird eingeschlagen. | dahs FEN-ster ist EYEN-geh-shlah-gen / vird EYEN-geh-shlah-gen | The window is broken (smashed in). / is being smashed in. | State-Passive vs. Process-Passive |
| eigentlich | EYE-gent-likh | actually (as originally planned, though reality differs) | Attitude & Irony Markers: eigentlich, sowieso, ruhig, immerhin |
| sowieso | zoh-vee-ZOH | anyway / in any case | Attitude & Irony Markers: eigentlich, sowieso, ruhig, immerhin |
| ruhig | ROO-ikh | feel free to / it's fine (permission, reassurance) | Attitude & Irony Markers: eigentlich, sowieso, ruhig, immerhin |
| immerhin | IM-er-hin | at least / after all | Attitude & Irony Markers: eigentlich, sowieso, ruhig, immerhin |
| überhaupt | ue-ber-HOWPT | at all / in general (often in questions or negation) | Attitude & Irony Markers: eigentlich, sowieso, ruhig, immerhin |
| ohnehin | OH-neh-hin | anyway / already (synonym of sowieso, more formal) | Attitude & Irony Markers: eigentlich, sowieso, ruhig, immerhin |
| ausgerechnet | OWS-geh-rekh-net | of all things/people (expressing surprise or irony) | Attitude & Irony Markers: eigentlich, sowieso, ruhig, immerhin |
| gerade | geh-RAH-deh | just / right now (also: of all moments) | Attitude & Irony Markers: eigentlich, sowieso, ruhig, immerhin |
| die Qualität | dee kvah-lee-TAYT | the quality | Genitive Chains |
| das Unternehmen | dahs oon-ter-NAY-men | the company | Genitive Chains |
| die Bevölkerung | dee beh-FERL-ker-oong | the population | Genitive Chains |
| der Anstieg | dair AHN-shteeg | the rise / increase | Genitive Chains |
| die Ursache | dee OOR-zah-kheh | the cause | Genitive Chains |
| die Auswirkung | dee OWS-veer-koong | the effect / impact | Genitive Chains |
| am Rande der Stadt | ahm RAHN-deh dair shtaht | on the outskirts of the city | Genitive Chains |
| im Namen des Volkes | im NAH-men des FOLK-es | in the name of the people | Genitive Chains |
| trotz des schlechten Wetters | trots des SHLEKH-ten VET-ers | despite the bad weather | Genitive Chains |
| sofern | zoh-FERN | provided that / insofar as | Fine-Grained Conditionals: sofern, sobald, je nachdem, insofern |
| sobald | zoh-BAHLT | as soon as | Fine-Grained Conditionals: sofern, sobald, je nachdem, insofern |
| je nachdem | yay nahkh-DAYM | depending on (how/when/whether...) | Fine-Grained Conditionals: sofern, sobald, je nachdem, insofern |
| insofern (als) | in-zoh-FERN (ahls) | in that respect / insofar as | Fine-Grained Conditionals: sofern, sobald, je nachdem, insofern |
| vorausgesetzt, dass | for-OWS-geh-zetst dahs | provided that / assuming that | Fine-Grained Conditionals: sofern, sobald, je nachdem, insofern |
| unter der Voraussetzung, dass | OON-ter dair for-OWS-zet-soong dahs | on the condition that | Fine-Grained Conditionals: sofern, sobald, je nachdem, insofern |
| es sei denn, dass | es zy den dahs | unless | Fine-Grained Conditionals: sofern, sobald, je nachdem, insofern |
| im Falle, dass | im FAL-eh dahs | in the event that | Fine-Grained Conditionals: sofern, sobald, je nachdem, insofern |
| die Daumen drücken | dee DOW-men DRUEK-en | to wish someone luck | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| ins Wasser fallen | ins VAH-ser FAHL-en | for a plan to fall through | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| die Nase voll haben | dee NAH-zeh fol HAH-ben | to be fed up | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| Schwein haben | shvyn HAH-ben | to be lucky | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| den Nagel auf den Kopf treffen | dayn NAH-gel owf dayn kopf TREF-en | to hit the nail on the head | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| ins Gras beißen | ins grahs BYE-sen | to kick the bucket / die | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| ein Auge zudrücken | eyen OW-geh TSOO-druek-en | to turn a blind eye | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| jemandem einen Bären aufbinden | YAY-mahn-dem EYEN-en BAIR-en OWF-bin-den | to pull someone's leg / deceive them | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| die Katze im Sack kaufen | dee KAHT-seh im zahk KOW-fen | to buy something sight unseen and get deceived | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| da liegt der Hund begraben | dah leekt dair hoont beh-GRAH-ben | that's the crux of the matter | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| Ich habe es nicht getan. → Ich hab's nicht gemacht. | ikh HAH-beh es nikht geh-TAHN → ikh hahps nikht geh-MAHKHT | I didn't do it. (formal → colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial German |
| bekommen → kriegen | beh-KOM-en → KREE-gen | to get / receive (formal → colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial German |
| der Freund → der Kumpel | dair froynt → dair KOOM-pel | the friend → the buddy (formal → colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial German |
| Guten Tag → Tach | GOO-ten tahk → tahkh | hello (formal → regional colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial German |
| Ich bin am Arbeiten. | ikh bin ahm AR-by-ten | I'm (in the middle of) working. (colloquial progressive) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial German |
| kaputt → im Eimer | kah-POOT → im EYE-mer | broken → shot/wrecked (formal → colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial German |
| das Geld → die Kohle | dahs gelt → dee KOH-leh | money → cash/dough (formal → colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial German |
| sehr gut → geil / cool | zair goot → gyle / cool | very good → awesome/cool (formal → colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial German |
| die Hypothese | dee hue-poh-TAY-zeh | hypothesis | Academic & Scientific Register |
| die Methode | dee meh-TOH-deh | method | Academic & Scientific Register |
| signifikant | zig-nee-fee-KAHNT | significant | Academic & Scientific Register |
| die Schlussfolgerung | dee SHLOOS-fol-ger-oong | conclusion | Academic & Scientific Register |
| die Datenerhebung | dee DAH-ten-air-hay-boong | data collection | Academic & Scientific Register |
| die Stichprobe | dee SHTIKH-proh-beh | sample (statistical) | Academic & Scientific Register |
| der Forschungsstand | dair FOR-shoongs-shtahnt | state of research / current literature | Academic & Scientific Register |
| die Fragestellung | dee FRAH-geh-shtel-oong | research question | Academic & Scientific Register |
| empirisch | em-PEER-ish | empirical | Academic & Scientific Register |
| die Auswertung | dee OWS-vair-toong | analysis / evaluation (of data) | Academic & Scientific Register |
| der Antrag | dair AHN-trahk | application / petition | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| die Vorschrift | dee FOR-shrift | regulation | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| einreichen | EYEN-ry-khen | to submit | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| die Behörde | dee beh-HER-deh | authority / government office | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| die Frist | dee frist | deadline | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| die Verordnung | dee fer-ORD-noong | ordinance / regulation | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| die Haftung | dee HAHF-toong | liability | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| der Vertrag | dair fer-TRAHK | contract | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| die Vollmacht | dee FOL-mahkht | power of attorney | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| die Bescheinigung | dee beh-SHY-nig-oong | certificate / confirmation | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| der Widerspruch | dair VEE-der-shprookh | objection / formal appeal | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| rechtskräftig | REKHTS-kref-tikh | legally binding / final | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| die Tagesordnung | dee TAH-ges-ord-noong | the agenda | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| das Protokoll | dahs proh-toh-KOL | the minutes (of a meeting) | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| der Vorschlag | dair FOR-shlahk | the proposal | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| auf den Punkt bringen | owf dayn poonkt BRING-en | to get to the point / sum up concisely | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| sich zu Wort melden | zikh tsoo vort MEL-den | to ask to speak / raise one's hand to contribute | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| den Faden verlieren | dayn FAH-den fer-LEER-en | to lose one's train of thought | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| Ich möchte anmerken, dass... | ikh MERKH-teh AHN-mer-ken dahs | I'd like to note that... | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| Wenn ich kurz einhaken darf... | ven ikh koorts EYEN-hah-ken darf | If I may briefly jump in... | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass... | tsoo-ZAHM-en-fahs-ent lest zikh ZAH-gen dahs | In summary, one can say that... | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| aus meiner Sicht | ows MY-ner zikht | from my point of view | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| die Erzählperspektive | dee air-TSAYL-per-shpek-tee-veh | narrative perspective / point of view | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| die Schlagzeile | dee SHLAHK-tsy-leh | headline | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| der Leitartikel | dair LYT-ar-tee-kel | editorial / lead article | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| die Kurzmeldung | dee KOORTS-mel-doong | brief news item | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| das Feuilleton | dahs foy-yeh-TOHN | the arts/culture section (of a newspaper) | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| die Reportage | dee reh-por-TAH-zheh | in-depth news report / feature | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| der Kommentar | dair kom-en-TAHR | commentary / opinion piece | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| die wörtliche Rede | dee VERT-likh-eh RAY-deh | direct speech / a direct quote | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| die Metapher | dee meh-TAH-fer | metaphor | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| na klar | nah klahr | yeah, right (sarcastic) / of course (sincere) | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| wie nett von dir | vee net fon deer | how nice of you (often sarcastic) | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| ach was | ahkh vahs | oh really? / as if | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| typisch! | TUE-pish | typical! | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| nicht schlecht | nikht shlekht | not bad (understatement for 'actually quite good') | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| das ist ja mal was | dahs ist yah mahl vahs | well, that's something (dryly ironic) | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| na toll | nah tol | oh great (sarcastic) | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| ausgerechnet | OWS-geh-rekh-net | of all things/people (irony/surprise) | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| ironischerweise | ee-ROH-nish-er-vy-zeh | ironically | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| der Sarkasmus | dair zar-KAHS-moos | sarcasm | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| der Text behandelt... | dair tekst beh-HAHN-delt | the text deals with... | Summarizing a Text (Zusammenfassung) |
| es geht um... | es gayt oom | it's about... | Summarizing a Text (Zusammenfassung) |
| der Autor vertritt die These, dass... | dair OW-tor fer-TRIT dee TAY-zeh dahs | the author holds the thesis that... | Summarizing a Text (Zusammenfassung) |
| zusammenfassend | tsoo-ZAHM-en-fahs-ent | in summary | Summarizing a Text (Zusammenfassung) |
| im Wesentlichen | im VAY-zent-likh-en | essentially / in essence | Summarizing a Text (Zusammenfassung) |
| der Kernpunkt | dair KAIRN-poonkt | the key point | Summarizing a Text (Zusammenfassung) |
| die Kernaussage | dee KAIRN-ows-zah-geh | the main message / central claim | Summarizing a Text (Zusammenfassung) |
| wiedergeben | VEE-der-gay-ben | to render / restate (someone's ideas) | Summarizing a Text (Zusammenfassung) |
| die Gliederung | dee GLEE-der-oong | the structure / outline | Summarizing a Text (Zusammenfassung) |
| zwar..., aber... | tsvahr AH-ber | admittedly..., but... | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| es lässt sich einwenden, dass... | es lest zikh EYEN-ven-den dahs | it can be objected that... | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| dagegen spricht, dass... | dah-GAY-gen shprikht dahs | what speaks against this is that... | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| Kritiker bemängeln, dass... | KREE-tee-ker beh-MENG-eln dahs | critics point out (as a flaw) that... | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| dennoch | DEN-nokh | nevertheless | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| im Gegensatz dazu | im GAY-gen-zahts dah-TSOO | in contrast to this | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| entgegen der Annahme, dass... | ent-GAY-gen dair AHN-nah-meh dahs | contrary to the assumption that... | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| nicht von der Hand zu weisen | nikht fon dair hahnt tsoo VY-zen | not to be dismissed / hard to deny | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| differenziert betrachten | dif-er-en-TSEERT beh-TRAHKH-ten | to consider in a nuanced way | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| der Betreff | dair beh-TREF | the subject line | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| Ich wäre Ihnen sehr verbunden, wenn... | ikh VAIR-eh EE-nen zair fer-BOON-den ven | I would be much obliged if... | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| Wären Sie so freundlich, ... zu ... | VAIR-en zee zoh FROYNT-likh tsoo | Would you be so kind as to... | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| In der Anlage finden Sie... | in dair AHN-lah-geh FIN-den zee | Please find attached... | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| Ich nehme Bezug auf... | ikh NAY-meh beh-TSOOK owf | I am writing with reference to... | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| Mit freundlichen Grüßen | mit FROYNT-likh-en GRUE-sen | Best regards (standard formal closing) | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| Mit besten Grüßen | mit BES-ten GRUE-sen | Kind regards (slightly warmer) | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| Hochachtungsvoll | HOKH-akh-toongs-fol | Yours faithfully / Respectfully (very formal, old-fashioned) | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| um Rückmeldung bitten | oom RUEK-mel-doong BIT-en | to ask for a reply/confirmation | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| fristgerecht | FRIST-geh-rekht | on time / within the deadline | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| vor diesem Hintergrund | for DEE-zem HIN-ter-groont | against this background | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| in Anlehnung an | in AHN-lay-noong ahn | building on / following | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| daraus folgt, dass... | dah-ROWS folkt dahs | from this it follows that... | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| dies wirft die Frage auf, ob... | dees veerft dee FRAH-geh owf op | this raises the question of whether... | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| im Kern | im kairn | at its core / essentially | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| auf einer abstrakten Ebene | owf EYE-ner ahp-STRAHK-ten AY-beh-neh | on an abstract level | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| es lässt sich festhalten, dass... | es lest zikh FEST-hahl-ten dahs | it can be noted/established that... | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| dies impliziert, dass... | dees im-plee-TSEERT dahs | this implies that... | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| im weiteren Verlauf | im VY-ter-en fer-LOWF | as we go on / further along | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| abschließend lässt sich festhalten... | AHP-shlee-sent lest zikh FEST-hahl-ten | in closing, it can be established... | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |