Weather & Seasons
मौसम और ऋतुएँ
German talks about weather with the impersonal pronoun es, like English's "it rains" — but Hindi uses constructions like "बारिश हो रही है", with no dummy pronoun at all, so this structure is genuinely new for Hindi speakers.
Grammar Comparison
व्याकरण तुलना
es as an empty subject for weather
Es regnet. / Es schneit. / Es ist kalt.
बारिश हो रही है। / बर्फ़ गिर रही है। / ठंड है।
Hindi talks about weather by putting the real subject (बारिश, बर्फ़, ठंड) into the sentence and adding 'होना' — there's no dummy pronoun. German (and English) needs a placeholder subject that doesn't actually refer to anything — es regnet literally means "it rains," where 'it' points to nothing real. Learn this as a new German structure: es will always be there, even though Hindi has no direct equivalent for it.
No article on seasons and months after 'im'
im Sommer, im Winter, im April
गर्मियों में, सर्दियों में, अप्रैल में
In Hindi, the postposition 'में' attaches directly to the season or month (गर्मियों में), with no extra article. German does the same thing by contracting in + dem into im and never adding a separate article — im Sommer, never in dem Sommer or in der Sommer. Treat im Sommer/im Winter as fixed phrases to memorize whole, not something to build word by word.
Vocabulary
शब्दावली
| German | Pronunciation | Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| das Wetter | dahs VET-ter | मौसमmausam | the weather |
| Es regnet. | es RAYG-net | बारिश हो रही है।bāriś ho rahī hai | It's raining. |
| Es schneit. | es shnyt | बर्फ़ गिर रही है।barf gir rahī hai | It's snowing. |
| Es ist sonnig. | es ist ZON-nikh | धूप है।dhūp hai | It's sunny. |
| Es ist kalt. | es ist kahlt | ठंड है।ṭhanḍ hai | It's cold. |
| Es ist warm. | es ist varm | गर्मी है।garmī hai | It's warm. |
| der Frühling | dair FREW-ling | बसंतbasant | spring |
| der Sommer | dair ZOM-mer | गर्मी (ऋतु)garmī | summer |
| der Herbst | dair hairpst | पतझड़patjhaṛ | autumn/fall |
| der Winter | dair VIN-ter | सर्दीsardī | winter |
| im Sommer | im ZOM-mer | गर्मियों मेंgarmiyoñ meñ | in (the) summer |