Infinitive Clauses: um...zu, ohne...zu, statt...zu
நோக்க/விதிவிலக்கு துணை வாக்கியங்கள்
German expresses purpose, exception, and substitution with a three-part frame — um/ohne/statt ... zu + infinitive — pushing the verb to the end one more time, in a construction Tamil handles with a single purpose suffix.
Grammar Comparison
இலக்கண ஒப்பீடு
um...zu ≈ Tamil's purpose suffix -அதற்காக
Ich lerne Deutsch, um in Deutschland zu arbeiten. (I learn German [in order] to work in Germany)
ஜெர்மனியில் வேலை செய்வதற்காக, நான் ஜெர்மன் கற்கிறேன். (work-doing-for, I German learn)
Tamil expresses purpose with a single suffix, -அதற்காக ('in order to / for the purpose of'), attached to the goal verb. German instead wraps the goal verb in a three-piece frame: um at the start, zu directly before the infinitive, and the infinitive itself at the very end of the clause. The meaning matches Tamil's -அதற்காக exactly; the German version just spreads that single suffix's job across three separate words.
Vocabulary
சொற்கள்
| German | Pronunciation | Tamil | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| um ... zu | oom ... tsoo | ...அதற்காக...adhaṟkāga | in order to |
| ohne ... zu | OH-neh ... tsoo | ...இல்லாமல்...illāmal | without ...ing |
| statt ... zu | shtaht ... tsoo | ...க்கு பதிலாக...kku padhilāga | instead of ...ing |
| Ich lerne, um zu arbeiten. | ikh LAIR-neh oom tsoo AHR-by-ten | வேலை செய்வதற்காக கற்கிறேன்.vēlai seyvadhaṟkāga kaṟkiṟēn. | I learn in order to work. |
| Er ging, ohne zu zahlen. | air ging OH-neh tsoo TSAH-len | அவன் பணம் கொடுக்காமல் போனான்.avan paṇam koḍukkāmal pōṉāṉ. | He left without paying. |