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Lesson 6A1

Pronouns & 'To Be' / 'To Have'

സർവ്വനാമങ്ങളും 'to be'/'to have' ഉം

English's verb 'to be' reshapes itself for almost every pronoun. Malayalam's equivalent, ആണ്, never changes at all — one word does the whole job.

Grammar Comparison

വ്യാകരണ താരതമ്യം

'To be' changes shape; ആണ് doesn't

English

I am, you are, he is, we are, they are — five different forms

Malayalam

ഞാൻ ആണ്, നീ ആണ്, അവൻ ആണ് — ആണ് never changes

English's 'to be' is famously irregular: am, is, and are are three unrelated-looking words covering one idea. Malayalam's ആണ് (aanu) stays fixed no matter who or what you're talking about — the pronoun in front of it does all the work of showing who's being described.

'To have' is its own verb; Malayalam builds possession from 'there is'

English

I have, you have, she has — a dedicated possession verb, irregular in the third person

Malayalam

എനിക്കുണ്ട് (to-me there-is) — no separate verb 'to have' exists

English treats having something as its own verb, with its own irregular third-person form (has). Malayalam has no equivalent verb at all — instead, it attaches 'there is' (ഉണ്ട്) to the possessor marked with a dative-like ending, so 'I have' literally reads as 'to me, there is'.

Vocabulary

വാക്കുകൾ

Ieye
Malayalam
ഞാൻnjan
hehee
Malayalam
അവൻavan
sheshee
Malayalam
അവൾaval
wewee
Malayalam
ഞങ്ങൾnjangal
theythay
Malayalam
അവർavar
I ameye am
Malayalam
ഞാൻ ആണ്njan aanu
you areyoo ar
Malayalam
നീ ആണ്nee aanu
it isit iz
Malayalam
അത് ആണ്athu aanu
I haveeye hav
Malayalam
എനിക്കുണ്ട്enikkundu
she hasshee haz
Malayalam
അവൾക്കുണ്ട്avalkkundu