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Lesson 33B1

Relative Clauses: who, which, that

தொடர்பு வாக்கியங்கள்

English attaches extra information to a noun with a relative clause after the noun — the reverse of how Tamil folds the same information into a participle placed before the noun.

Grammar Comparison

Grammar Comparison

After the noun with a pronoun vs. before the noun with a participle

English

the man who is standing there (who + clause, placed AFTER the noun)

Tamil (English explanations)

அங்கே நிற்கும் மனிதன் (a participle, நிற்கும், placed BEFORE the noun — no relative pronoun at all)

Tamil has no relative pronoun — it converts the whole description into a participle (நிற்கும், 'standing') and places it directly in front of the noun, like a long adjective. English instead follows the noun with a relative pronoun (who for people, which for things, that for either) and a full clause after it. When turning a Tamil before-the-noun participle phrase into English, expect to flip the entire description to after the noun and insert a pronoun that doesn't exist in the Tamil original.

Vocabulary

Vocabulary

the man who is standing therethuh man hoo iz STAN-ding thair
Tamil (English explanations)
அங்கே நிற்கும் மனிதன்angē niṟkum manithan
the book which I boughtthuh book wich eye bawt
Tamil (English explanations)
நான் வாங்கின புத்தகம்nān vānginn puthagam
the woman that I metthuh WUM-an that eye met
Tamil (English explanations)
நான் சந்தித்த பெண்nān sandhiththa peṇ