French Vocab Bank
All words from lessons
🔍
| French | Pronunciation | English | Lesson |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bonjour | bohn-ZHOOR | Hello / Good day | Greetings & Formality |
| Bonsoir | bohn-SWAHR | Good evening | Greetings & Formality |
| Au revoir | oh ruh-VWAHR | Goodbye (formal) | Greetings & Formality |
| Salut | sah-LU | Hi / Bye (informal) | Greetings & Formality |
| Merci | mair-SEE | Thanks | Greetings & Formality |
| S'il vous plaît | seel voo PLEH | Please (formal) | Greetings & Formality |
| Oui | wee | Yes | Greetings & Formality |
| Non | nohn | No | Greetings & Formality |
| Comment ça va ? | koh-mahn sah VAH | How are you? (casual) | Greetings & Formality |
| Ça va bien | sah vah bee-AHN | I'm doing well | Greetings & Formality |
| café | kah-FAY | coffee / café | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| mère | mair | mother | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| fête | fet | party / holiday | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| voilà | vwah-LAH | there it is / there you go | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| ça | sah | that / it | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| naïve | nah-EEV | naive | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| dans | dahn | in | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| bon | bohn | good | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| vin | van | wine | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| un | uhn | one / a | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| les amis | lay-zah-MEE | the friends | Alphabet & Pronunciation |
| je / j' | zhuh | I | Personal Pronouns & être / avoir |
| tu | tu | you (informal) | Personal Pronouns & être / avoir |
| il | eel | he / it | Personal Pronouns & être / avoir |
| elle | el | she / it | Personal Pronouns & être / avoir |
| on | ohn | we (casual) / one, people | Personal Pronouns & être / avoir |
| nous | noo | we | Personal Pronouns & être / avoir |
| vous | voo | you (formal / plural) | Personal Pronouns & être / avoir |
| ils | eel | they (masc./mixed) | Personal Pronouns & être / avoir |
| elles | el | they (all fem.) | Personal Pronouns & être / avoir |
| être | EH-truh | to be | Personal Pronouns & être / avoir |
| avoir | ah-VWAHR | to have | Personal Pronouns & être / avoir |
| je suis | zhuh swee | I am | Personal Pronouns & être / avoir |
| j'ai | zhay | I have | Personal Pronouns & être / avoir |
| il y a | eel-YAH | there is / there are | Personal Pronouns & être / avoir |
| le livre | luh LEEV-ruh | the book (masc.) | Articles & Gender |
| la table | lah TAH-bluh | the table (fem.) | Articles & Gender |
| l'ami / l'amie | lah-MEE | the friend (masc./fem.) | Articles & Gender |
| l'école | lay-KOL | the school (fem.) | Articles & Gender |
| un stylo | uhn stee-LOH | a pen (masc.) | Articles & Gender |
| une pomme | oon pom | an apple (fem.) | Articles & Gender |
| des fleurs | day fluhr | some flowers | Articles & Gender |
| le soleil | luh soh-LAY | the sun (masc.) | Articles & Gender |
| la lune | lah loon | the moon (fem.) | Articles & Gender |
| la maison | lah may-ZOHN | the house (fem.) | Articles & Gender |
| le pays | luh pay-EE | the country (masc.) | Articles & Gender |
| ce livre | suh leev | this book | Demonstrative Adjectives: ce, cet, cette, ces |
| cet homme | set om | this man | Demonstrative Adjectives: ce, cet, cette, ces |
| cet arbre | set AR-bruh | this tree | Demonstrative Adjectives: ce, cet, cette, ces |
| cette femme | set fam | this woman | Demonstrative Adjectives: ce, cet, cette, ces |
| cette maison | set may-ZOHN | this house | Demonstrative Adjectives: ce, cet, cette, ces |
| ces livres | say leev-ruh | these books | Demonstrative Adjectives: ce, cet, cette, ces |
| ces femmes | say fam | these women | Demonstrative Adjectives: ce, cet, cette, ces |
| ce stylo-ci | suh stee-loh SEE | this pen (here, not that one) | Demonstrative Adjectives: ce, cet, cette, ces |
| ce stylo-là | suh stee-loh LAH | that pen (there) | Demonstrative Adjectives: ce, cet, cette, ces |
| les livres | lay leev-ruh | books | Plural Nouns |
| les tables | lay TAH-bluh | tables | Plural Nouns |
| les bateaux | lay bah-TOH | boats | Plural Nouns |
| les jeux | lay zhuh | games | Plural Nouns |
| les chevaux | lay shuh-VOH | horses | Plural Nouns |
| les journaux | lay zhoor-NOH | newspapers | Plural Nouns |
| les bals | lay bahl | dances/balls | Plural Nouns |
| les fils | lay fees | sons | Plural Nouns |
| les souris | lay soo-REE | mice | Plural Nouns |
| les nez | lay nay | noses | Plural Nouns |
| un | uhn | one | Numbers 1–10 |
| deux | duh | two | Numbers 1–10 |
| trois | twah | three | Numbers 1–10 |
| quatre | KAH-truh | four | Numbers 1–10 |
| cinq | sank | five | Numbers 1–10 |
| six | sees | six | Numbers 1–10 |
| sept | set | seven | Numbers 1–10 |
| huit | weet | eight | Numbers 1–10 |
| neuf | nuhf | nine | Numbers 1–10 |
| dix | dees | ten | Numbers 1–10 |
| onze | ohnz | eleven | Numbers 11–100 |
| douze | dooz | twelve | Numbers 11–100 |
| treize | trez | thirteen | Numbers 11–100 |
| seize | sez | sixteen | Numbers 11–100 |
| dix-sept | dee-SET | seventeen | Numbers 11–100 |
| vingt | van | twenty | Numbers 11–100 |
| vingt et un | van-tay-UHN | twenty-one | Numbers 11–100 |
| trente | trahnt | thirty | Numbers 11–100 |
| quarante | kah-RAHNT | forty | Numbers 11–100 |
| cinquante | san-KAHNT | fifty | Numbers 11–100 |
| soixante | swah-SAHNT | sixty | Numbers 11–100 |
| soixante-dix | swah-sahnt-DEES | seventy (lit. '60+10') | Numbers 11–100 |
| quatre-vingts | kah-truh-VAN | eighty (lit. '4×20') | Numbers 11–100 |
| quatre-vingt-dix | kah-truh-van-DEES | ninety (lit. '4×20+10') | Numbers 11–100 |
| cent | sahn | one hundred | Numbers 11–100 |
| la mère | lah mair | mother | Family |
| le père | luh pair | father | Family |
| le frère | luh frair | brother | Family |
| la sœur | lah suhr | sister | Family |
| la grand-mère | lah grahn-mair | grandmother | Family |
| le grand-père | luh grahn-pair | grandfather | Family |
| le fils | luh fees | son | Family |
| la fille | lah fee | daughter | Family |
| du pain | doo pan | some bread | Partitive Articles: du, de la, des |
| de la confiture | duh lah kohn-fee-TOOR | some jam | Partitive Articles: du, de la, des |
| de l'eau | duh LOH | some water | Partitive Articles: du, de la, des |
| des pommes | day pom | some apples | Partitive Articles: du, de la, des |
| du fromage | doo froh-MAHZH | some cheese | Partitive Articles: du, de la, des |
| de la viande | duh lah vee-AHND | some meat | Partitive Articles: du, de la, des |
| du café | doo kah-FAY | some coffee | Partitive Articles: du, de la, des |
| du sucre | doo SOO-kruh | some sugar | Partitive Articles: du, de la, des |
| des légumes | day lay-GOOM | some vegetables | Partitive Articles: du, de la, des |
| je ne mange pas de viande | zhuh nuh mahnzh pah duh vee-AHND | I don't eat meat | Partitive Articles: du, de la, des |
| qui | kee | who | Question Words |
| que / quoi | kuh / kwah | what | Question Words |
| où | oo | where | Question Words |
| quand | kahn | when | Question Words |
| comment | koh-MAHN | how | Question Words |
| pourquoi | poor-KWAH | why | Question Words |
| combien | kohm-bee-AHN | how much | Question Words |
| combien de | kohm-bee-ahn duh | how many (+ noun) | Question Words |
| quel / quelle | kel | which / what (agrees with noun) | Question Words |
| Tu viens ? | tu vee-AHN | You're coming? (intonation, casual) | Three Ways to Ask Questions: Intonation, Est-ce que, Inversion |
| Est-ce que tu viens ? | es kuh tu vee-AHN | Are you coming? (neutral) | Three Ways to Ask Questions: Intonation, Est-ce que, Inversion |
| Viens-tu ? | vee-AHN too | Are you coming? (formal, inversion) | Three Ways to Ask Questions: Intonation, Est-ce que, Inversion |
| Parle-t-il français ? | parl-teel frahn-SAY | Does he speak French? | Three Ways to Ask Questions: Intonation, Est-ce que, Inversion |
| Où vas-tu ? | oo vah-TOO | Where are you going? | Three Ways to Ask Questions: Intonation, Est-ce que, Inversion |
| je veux | zhuh vuh | I want | Modal Verbs: vouloir, pouvoir, devoir |
| je peux | zhuh puh | I can | Modal Verbs: vouloir, pouvoir, devoir |
| je dois | zhuh dwah | I must / I have to | Modal Verbs: vouloir, pouvoir, devoir |
| tu veux | tu vuh | you want | Modal Verbs: vouloir, pouvoir, devoir |
| il/elle peut | eel/el puh | he/she can | Modal Verbs: vouloir, pouvoir, devoir |
| nous voulons | noo voo-LOHN | we want | Modal Verbs: vouloir, pouvoir, devoir |
| vous pouvez | voo poo-VAY | you (formal/pl.) can | Modal Verbs: vouloir, pouvoir, devoir |
| ils/elles doivent | eel/el dwahv | they must | Modal Verbs: vouloir, pouvoir, devoir |
| il faut | eel foh | one must / it is necessary to | Modal Verbs: vouloir, pouvoir, devoir |
| je voudrais | zhuh voo-DREH | I would like (polite form of je veux) | Modal Verbs: vouloir, pouvoir, devoir |
| parler | par-LAY | to speak (-er) | -ER, -IR, -RE Verbs & Daily Routine |
| travailler | trah-vah-YAY | to work (-er) | -ER, -IR, -RE Verbs & Daily Routine |
| manger | mahn-ZHAY | to eat (-er, spelling quirk) | -ER, -IR, -RE Verbs & Daily Routine |
| écouter | ay-koo-TAY | to listen | -ER, -IR, -RE Verbs & Daily Routine |
| regarder | ruh-gar-DAY | to watch/look at | -ER, -IR, -RE Verbs & Daily Routine |
| finir | fee-NEER | to finish (-ir, regular) | -ER, -IR, -RE Verbs & Daily Routine |
| choisir | shwah-ZEER | to choose (-ir, regular) | -ER, -IR, -RE Verbs & Daily Routine |
| vendre | VAHN-druh | to sell (-re) | -ER, -IR, -RE Verbs & Daily Routine |
| attendre | ah-TAHN-druh | to wait (-re) | -ER, -IR, -RE Verbs & Daily Routine |
| dormir | dor-MEER | to sleep (irregular -ir) | -ER, -IR, -RE Verbs & Daily Routine |
| sortir | sor-TEER | to go out (irregular -ir) | -ER, -IR, -RE Verbs & Daily Routine |
| se réveiller | suh ray-vay-YAY | to wake up | -ER, -IR, -RE Verbs & Daily Routine |
| le matin | luh mah-TAN | the morning | -ER, -IR, -RE Verbs & Daily Routine |
| je voudrais... | zhuh voo-DREH | I would like... | Food & Ordering |
| l'addition, s'il vous plaît | lah-dee-see-OHN seel voo PLEH | the check, please | Food & Ordering |
| un café | uhn kah-FAY | a coffee | Food & Ordering |
| un croissant | uhn krwah-SAHN | a croissant | Food & Ordering |
| une baguette | oon bah-GET | a baguette (French bread) | Food & Ordering |
| le menu | luh muh-NU | the menu / set meal | Food & Ordering |
| qu'est-ce que vous recommandez ? | kes-kuh voo ruh-koh-mahn-DAY | what do you recommend? | Food & Ordering |
| un verre d'eau | uhn ver DOH | a glass of water | Food & Ordering |
| c'est combien ? | say kohm-bee-AHN | how much is it? | Food & Ordering |
| bon appétit | bohn ah-pay-TEE | enjoy your meal | Food & Ordering |
| l'entrée | lahn-TRAY | the starter | Food & Ordering |
| le plat principal | luh plah pran-see-PAL | the main course | Food & Ordering |
| le dessert | luh day-SAIR | dessert | Food & Ordering |
| ne...pas | nuh...pah | not | Negation: ne...pas and Beyond |
| ne...jamais | nuh...zhah-MEH | never | Negation: ne...pas and Beyond |
| ne...rien | nuh...ree-AHN | nothing | Negation: ne...pas and Beyond |
| ne...personne | nuh...per-SON | no one | Negation: ne...pas and Beyond |
| ne...plus | nuh...plu | no more / no longer | Negation: ne...pas and Beyond |
| ne...que | nuh...kuh | only | Negation: ne...pas and Beyond |
| pas du tout | pah du TOO | not at all | Negation: ne...pas and Beyond |
| je ne sais pas | zhuh nuh say PAH | I don't know | Negation: ne...pas and Beyond |
| je vais | zhuh vay | I go / I am going | Aller, Faire & the Near Future (futur proche) |
| tu vas | tu vah | you go | Aller, Faire & the Near Future (futur proche) |
| il/elle va | eel/el vah | he/she goes | Aller, Faire & the Near Future (futur proche) |
| nous allons | noo zah-LOHN | we go | Aller, Faire & the Near Future (futur proche) |
| ils vont | eel vohn | they go | Aller, Faire & the Near Future (futur proche) |
| je fais | zhuh fay | I do / make | Aller, Faire & the Near Future (futur proche) |
| nous faisons | noo fuh-ZOHN | we do / make | Aller, Faire & the Near Future (futur proche) |
| vous faites | voo fet | you (formal/pl.) do / make | Aller, Faire & the Near Future (futur proche) |
| je vais manger | zhuh vay mahn-ZHAY | I am going to eat | Aller, Faire & the Near Future (futur proche) |
| qu'est-ce que tu vas faire ? | kes-kuh tu vah fair | what are you going to do? | Aller, Faire & the Near Future (futur proche) |
| Quelle heure est-il ? | kel uhr eh-TEEL | What time is it? | Telling Time |
| il est une heure | eel-eh oon uhr | it's one o'clock | Telling Time |
| il est deux heures | eel-eh duh zuhr | it's two o'clock | Telling Time |
| et quart | ay kar | quarter past | Telling Time |
| et demie | ay duh-MEE | half past | Telling Time |
| moins le quart | mwan luh kar | quarter to | Telling Time |
| midi | mee-DEE | noon | Telling Time |
| minuit | mee-NWEE | midnight | Telling Time |
| du matin | du mah-TAN | in the morning (a.m.) | Telling Time |
| de l'après-midi | duh lah-preh mee-DEE | in the afternoon (p.m.) | Telling Time |
| du soir | du swahr | in the evening (p.m.) | Telling Time |
| il fait beau | eel fay boh | it's nice/sunny out | Weather & Seasons |
| il fait chaud | eel fay shoh | it's hot | Weather & Seasons |
| il fait froid | eel fay frwah | it's cold | Weather & Seasons |
| il pleut | eel pluh | it's raining | Weather & Seasons |
| il neige | eel nezh | it's snowing | Weather & Seasons |
| il y a du vent | eel-yah du vahn | it's windy | Weather & Seasons |
| nuageux | nu-ah-ZHUH | cloudy | Weather & Seasons |
| le printemps | luh pran-TAHN | spring | Weather & Seasons |
| l'été | lay-TAY | summer | Weather & Seasons |
| l'automne | loh-TON | autumn | Weather & Seasons |
| l'hiver | lee-VAIR | winter | Weather & Seasons |
| combien ça coûte ? | kohm-bee-ahn sah KOOT | how much does this cost? | Shopping & Money |
| ça coûte... | sah KOOT | it costs... | Shopping & Money |
| c'est trop cher | say troh SHAIR | it's too expensive | Shopping & Money |
| un euro | uhn uh-ROH | one euro | Shopping & Money |
| un centime | uhn sahn-TEEM | one cent | Shopping & Money |
| la caisse | lah kes | the checkout/register | Shopping & Money |
| payer | pay-YAY | to pay | Shopping & Money |
| la carte bancaire | lah kart bahn-KAIR | the bank/debit card | Shopping & Money |
| en espèces | ahn nes-PESS | in cash | Shopping & Money |
| le prix | luh pree | the price | Shopping & Money |
| une réduction | oon ray-duk-see-OHN | a discount | Shopping & Money |
| un reçu | uhn ruh-SU | a receipt | Shopping & Money |
| je m'appelle... | zhuh mah-PEL | my name is... | Introducing Yourself |
| j'ai ... ans | zhay ...ahn | I am ... years old | Introducing Yourself |
| je suis de... | zhuh swee duh | I am from... | Introducing Yourself |
| j'habite à... | zhah-beet ah | I live in... | Introducing Yourself |
| ma nationalité | mah nah-see-oh-nah-lee-TAY | my nationality | Introducing Yourself |
| mon métier | mohn may-tee-AY | my profession | Introducing Yourself |
| enchanté(e) | ahn-shahn-TAY | nice to meet you | Introducing Yourself |
| voici... | vwah-SEE | here is/this is... | Introducing Yourself |
| je viens de... | zhuh vee-AHN duh | I come from... | Introducing Yourself |
| la France | lah frahns | France | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| français / française | frahn-SAY / frahn-SEZ | French (masc./fem.) | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| le Japon | luh zhah-POHN | Japan | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| japonais / japonaise | zhah-poh-NAY / zhah-poh-NEZ | Japanese (masc./fem.) | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| les États-Unis | lay zay-tah-zu-NEE | the United States | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| américain / américaine | ah-may-ree-KAN / ah-may-ree-KEN | American (masc./fem.) | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| l'Inde | land | India | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| indien / indienne | an-dee-AN / an-dee-EN | Indian (masc./fem.) | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| l'Allemagne | lahl-MAH-nyuh | Germany | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| je parle français | zhuh parl frahn-SAY | I speak French | Countries, Nationalities & Languages |
| quelle est la date aujourd'hui ? | kel eh lah daht oh-zhoor-DWEE | what's today's date? | Dates & Calendar |
| le premier janvier | luh pruh-mee-AY zhahn-vee-AY | January 1st | Dates & Calendar |
| lundi | luhn-DEE | Monday | Dates & Calendar |
| mardi | mar-DEE | Tuesday | Dates & Calendar |
| mercredi | mair-kruh-DEE | Wednesday | Dates & Calendar |
| jeudi | zhuh-DEE | Thursday | Dates & Calendar |
| vendredi | vahn-druh-DEE | Friday | Dates & Calendar |
| samedi | sahm-DEE | Saturday | Dates & Calendar |
| dimanche | dee-MAHNSH | Sunday | Dates & Calendar |
| aujourd'hui | oh-zhoor-DWEE | today | Dates & Calendar |
| demain | duh-MAN | tomorrow | Dates & Calendar |
| hier | yair | yesterday | Dates & Calendar |
| la semaine | lah suh-MEN | the week | Dates & Calendar |
| le mois | luh mwah | the month | Dates & Calendar |
| l'année | lah-NAY | the year | Dates & Calendar |
| tournez à gauche | toor-NAY ah GOHSH | turn left | Directions & Getting Around |
| tournez à droite | toor-NAY ah DRWAHT | turn right | Directions & Getting Around |
| tout droit | too DRWAH | straight ahead | Directions & Getting Around |
| où est... ? | oo eh | where is...? | Directions & Getting Around |
| c'est loin | say lwan | it's far | Directions & Getting Around |
| c'est près | say pray | it's near | Directions & Getting Around |
| la rue | lah roo | the street | Directions & Getting Around |
| le carrefour | luh kar-FOOR | the intersection | Directions & Getting Around |
| le feu rouge | luh fuh ROOZH | the traffic light | Directions & Getting Around |
| en face de | ahn fahs duh | across from, opposite | Directions & Getting Around |
| à côté de | ah koh-TAY duh | next to | Directions & Getting Around |
| une chemise | oon shuh-MEEZ | a shirt (fem.) | Clothing & Colors |
| un pantalon | uhn pahn-tah-LOHN | pants (masc.) | Clothing & Colors |
| une robe | oon rob | a dress (fem.) | Clothing & Colors |
| des chaussures | day shoh-SOOR | shoes | Clothing & Colors |
| bleu / bleue | bluh | blue | Clothing & Colors |
| rouge | roozh | red | Clothing & Colors |
| vert / verte | vair | green | Clothing & Colors |
| noir / noire | nwahr | black | Clothing & Colors |
| blanc / blanche | blahn / blahnsh | white | Clothing & Colors |
| porter | por-TAY | to wear | Clothing & Colors |
| un boulanger / une boulangère | boo-lahn-ZHAY / boo-lahn-ZHAIR | baker | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| un professeur / une professeure | proh-feh-SUHR | teacher | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| un médecin | mayd-SAN | doctor | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| un avocat / une avocate | ah-voh-KAH / ah-voh-KAHT | lawyer | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| un ingénieur / une ingénieure | an-zhay-nee-UHR | engineer | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| un cuisinier / une cuisinière | kwee-zee-nee-AY / kwee-zee-nee-AIR | cook | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| un infirmier / une infirmière | an-feer-mee-AY / an-feer-mee-AIR | nurse | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| je suis... | zhuh swee | I am (a/an)... [profession, no article] | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| il/elle travaille comme... | eel/el trah-VAI kom | he/she works as a/an... | Basic Jobs & Occupations |
| est-ce que tu veux... ? | es kuh tu vuh | do you want to...? | Making Requests & Invitations |
| ça te dit de... ? | sah tuh dee duh | do you feel like...? (casual invitation) | Making Requests & Invitations |
| je voudrais... | zhuh voo-DREH | I would like... | Making Requests & Invitations |
| pourriez-vous... ? | poo-ree-ay VOO | could you... ? (formal, polite) | Making Requests & Invitations |
| avec plaisir | ah-vek play-ZEER | with pleasure / gladly | Making Requests & Invitations |
| je suis désolé(e), je ne peux pas | zhuh swee day-zoh-LAY zhuh nuh puh PAH | I'm sorry, I can't | Making Requests & Invitations |
| on se retrouve à... | ohn suh ruh-TROOV ah | let's meet at... | Making Requests & Invitations |
| à quelle heure ? | ah kel UHR | at what time? | Making Requests & Invitations |
| nom | nohm | surname/family name | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| prénom | pray-NOHM | first/given name | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| date de naissance | daht duh nay-SAHNS | date of birth | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| né(e) le... | nay luh | born on... | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| l'adresse | lah-DRES | the address | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| le code postal | luh kod poh-STAHL | the postal code | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| le numéro de téléphone | luh noo-may-ROH duh tay-lay-FON | the phone number | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| la signature | lah see-nyah-TOOR | the signature | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| cocher la case | koh-SHAY lah kahz | check the box | Exam Writing: Filling Out a Form |
| Cher / Chère... | shair | Dear... (masc./fem.) | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| Salut ! | sah-LU | Hi! (casual opener) | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| merci de ta lettre | mair-SEE duh tah LET-ruh | thanks for your letter | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| comment vas-tu ? | koh-mahn vah-TOO | how are you? | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| je t'embrasse | zhuh tahn-BRAHS | hugs/kisses (closing) | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| à bientôt | ah bee-an-TOH | see you soon | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| amicalement | ah-mee-kahl-MAHN | in friendship (closing) | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| bisous | bee-ZOO | kisses (casual closing) | Exam Writing: An Informal Letter |
| j'ai mangé | zhay mahn-ZHAY | I ate / have eaten | The Past Tense: Passé Composé |
| je suis allé(e) | zhuh swee zah-LAY | I went / have gone | The Past Tense: Passé Composé |
| j'ai fait | zhay FEH | I did / made / have done | The Past Tense: Passé Composé |
| j'ai vu | zhay VE(w) | I saw / have seen | The Past Tense: Passé Composé |
| j'ai pris | zhay PREE | I took / have taken | The Past Tense: Passé Composé |
| j'ai mis | zhay MEE | I put / have put | The Past Tense: Passé Composé |
| j'ai été | zhay ay-TAY | I was / have been | The Past Tense: Passé Composé |
| j'ai eu | zhay E(w) | I had / have had | The Past Tense: Passé Composé |
| je suis venu(e) | zhuh swee vuh-NEW | I came / have come | The Past Tense: Passé Composé |
| je suis parti(e) | zhuh swee par-TEE | I left / have left | The Past Tense: Passé Composé |
| je suis né(e) | zhuh swee NAY | I was born | The Past Tense: Passé Composé |
| je parlais | zhuh par-LEH | I was speaking / used to speak | The Imparfait: Formation & Basic Uses |
| tu parlais | tew par-LEH | you were speaking (informal) | The Imparfait: Formation & Basic Uses |
| il/elle parlait | eel/el par-LEH | he/she was speaking | The Imparfait: Formation & Basic Uses |
| nous parlions | noo par-lee-OHN | we were speaking | The Imparfait: Formation & Basic Uses |
| vous parliez | voo par-lee-AY | you were speaking (formal/plural) | The Imparfait: Formation & Basic Uses |
| ils/elles parlaient | eel/el par-LEH | they were speaking | The Imparfait: Formation & Basic Uses |
| j'étais | zhay-TEH | I was | The Imparfait: Formation & Basic Uses |
| j'avais | zhah-VEH | I had / used to have | The Imparfait: Formation & Basic Uses |
| il faisait beau | eel fuh-ZEH boh | the weather was nice | The Imparfait: Formation & Basic Uses |
| il y avait | eel ee ah-VEH | there was / there were | The Imparfait: Formation & Basic Uses |
| Je le vois. | zhuh luh vwah | I see him / it. | Object Pronouns: Direct & Indirect |
| Je la vois. | zhuh lah vwah | I see her / it. | Object Pronouns: Direct & Indirect |
| Je les vois. | zhuh lay vwah | I see them. | Object Pronouns: Direct & Indirect |
| Je lui parle. | zhuh lwee parl | I speak to him / her. | Object Pronouns: Direct & Indirect |
| Je leur parle. | zhuh luhr parl | I speak to them. | Object Pronouns: Direct & Indirect |
| Il me voit. | eel muh vwah | He sees me. | Object Pronouns: Direct & Indirect |
| Il te voit. | eel tuh vwah | He sees you. | Object Pronouns: Direct & Indirect |
| Il nous voit. | eel noo vwah | He sees us. | Object Pronouns: Direct & Indirect |
| Il vous voit. | eel voo vwah | He sees you (formal/plural). | Object Pronouns: Direct & Indirect |
| Je l'aime. | zhuh lem | I love him / her / it. | Object Pronouns: Direct & Indirect |
| on | ohn | we (informal) / one / people | Indefinite Pronouns: on, quelqu'un, personne, quelque chose, rien |
| quelqu'un | kel-kuhn | someone | Indefinite Pronouns: on, quelqu'un, personne, quelque chose, rien |
| ne...personne | nuh... pair-SUN | no one | Indefinite Pronouns: on, quelqu'un, personne, quelque chose, rien |
| quelque chose | kel-kuh SHOHZ | something | Indefinite Pronouns: on, quelqu'un, personne, quelque chose, rien |
| ne...rien | nuh... ree-AHN | nothing | Indefinite Pronouns: on, quelqu'un, personne, quelque chose, rien |
| tout le monde | too luh MOHND | everyone | Indefinite Pronouns: on, quelqu'un, personne, quelque chose, rien |
| chacun / chacune | shah-KUHN / shah-KEWN | each one | Indefinite Pronouns: on, quelqu'un, personne, quelque chose, rien |
| quelqu'un d'autre | kel-kuhn DOH-truh | someone else | Indefinite Pronouns: on, quelqu'un, personne, quelque chose, rien |
| quelque chose d'autre | kel-kuh shohz DOH-truh | something else | Indefinite Pronouns: on, quelqu'un, personne, quelque chose, rien |
| ne...nulle part | nuh... newl PAR | nowhere | Indefinite Pronouns: on, quelqu'un, personne, quelque chose, rien |
| J'y vais. | zhee VAY | I'm going there. | Y and EN: Pronominal Adverbs |
| J'y pense. | zhee PAHNS | I think about it. | Y and EN: Pronominal Adverbs |
| Il y a... | eel ee AH | there is / there are | Y and EN: Pronominal Adverbs |
| J'en mange. | zhahn MAHNZH | I eat some (of it). | Y and EN: Pronominal Adverbs |
| J'en ai besoin. | zhahn ay buh-ZWAHN | I need some (of it). | Y and EN: Pronominal Adverbs |
| Je n'en veux pas. | zhuh nahn vuh PAH | I don't want any. | Y and EN: Pronominal Adverbs |
| Combien en veux-tu ? | kom-bee-AHN ahn vuh TEW | How many/much of it do you want? | Y and EN: Pronominal Adverbs |
| Vas-y ! | vah-ZEE | Go ahead! / Go for it! | Y and EN: Pronominal Adverbs |
| On y va. | ohn ee VAH | Let's go. | Y and EN: Pronominal Adverbs |
| Je n'y comprends rien. | zhuh nee kom-prahn ree-AHN | I don't understand any of it. | Y and EN: Pronominal Adverbs |
| à | ah | at / to | Prepositions of Place & Time |
| dans | dahn | in / inside | Prepositions of Place & Time |
| sur | sewr | on | Prepositions of Place & Time |
| sous | soo | under | Prepositions of Place & Time |
| chez | shay | at the place of | Prepositions of Place & Time |
| devant | duh-VAHN | in front of | Prepositions of Place & Time |
| derrière | deh-ree-AIR | behind | Prepositions of Place & Time |
| entre | AHN-truh | between | Prepositions of Place & Time |
| avant | ah-VAHN | before | Prepositions of Place & Time |
| après | ah-PREH | after | Prepositions of Place & Time |
| en France | ahn frahns | in/to France | Prepositions with Countries & Cities |
| en Inde | ahn ahnd | in/to India | Prepositions with Countries & Cities |
| au Japon | oh zhah-POHN | in/to Japan | Prepositions with Countries & Cities |
| au Canada | oh kah-nah-DAH | in/to Canada | Prepositions with Countries & Cities |
| aux États-Unis | oh zay-tah-zew-NEE | in/to the United States | Prepositions with Countries & Cities |
| aux Pays-Bas | oh pay-ee-BAH | in/to the Netherlands | Prepositions with Countries & Cities |
| en Iran | ahn ee-RAHN | in/to Iran | Prepositions with Countries & Cities |
| à Paris | ah pah-REE | in/to Paris | Prepositions with Countries & Cities |
| à Londres | ah LOHN-druh | in/to London | Prepositions with Countries & Cities |
| le Mexique | luh mek-SEEK | Mexico | Prepositions with Countries & Cities |
| se lever | suh luh-VAY | to get up | Reflexive (Pronominal) Verbs |
| se laver | suh lah-VAY | to wash oneself | Reflexive (Pronominal) Verbs |
| se coucher | suh koo-SHAY | to go to bed | Reflexive (Pronominal) Verbs |
| s'habiller | sah-bee-YAY | to get dressed | Reflexive (Pronominal) Verbs |
| se réveiller | suh ray-vay-YAY | to wake up | Reflexive (Pronominal) Verbs |
| se doucher | suh doo-SHAY | to shower | Reflexive (Pronominal) Verbs |
| se brosser les dents | suh broh-SAY lay dahn | to brush one's teeth | Reflexive (Pronominal) Verbs |
| se maquiller | suh mah-kee-YAY | to put on makeup | Reflexive (Pronominal) Verbs |
| se raser | suh rah-ZAY | to shave | Reflexive (Pronominal) Verbs |
| se reposer | suh ruh-poh-ZAY | to rest | Reflexive (Pronominal) Verbs |
| s'appeler | sah-play | to be named / called | Reflexive (Pronominal) Verbs |
| se laver | suh lah-VAY | to wash oneself (reflexive) | Pronominal Verbs: Reflexive, Reciprocal & Idiomatic |
| se parler | suh par-LAY | to talk to each other (reciprocal) | Pronominal Verbs: Reflexive, Reciprocal & Idiomatic |
| s'aimer | seh-MAY | to love each other (reciprocal) | Pronominal Verbs: Reflexive, Reciprocal & Idiomatic |
| se voir | suh VWAHR | to see each other (reciprocal) | Pronominal Verbs: Reflexive, Reciprocal & Idiomatic |
| se souvenir de | suh soov-NEER duh | to remember (idiomatic) | Pronominal Verbs: Reflexive, Reciprocal & Idiomatic |
| s'entendre (bien) | sahn-TAHN-druh | to get along (idiomatic) | Pronominal Verbs: Reflexive, Reciprocal & Idiomatic |
| se rendre compte | suh rahn-druh KOHNT | to realize (idiomatic) | Pronominal Verbs: Reflexive, Reciprocal & Idiomatic |
| se demander | suh duh-mahn-DAY | to wonder (idiomatic) | Pronominal Verbs: Reflexive, Reciprocal & Idiomatic |
| se dépêcher | suh day-peh-SHAY | to hurry (idiomatic) | Pronominal Verbs: Reflexive, Reciprocal & Idiomatic |
| s'en aller | sahn ah-LAY | to leave, go away (idiomatic) | Pronominal Verbs: Reflexive, Reciprocal & Idiomatic |
| mon père | mohn pair | my father | Possessive Adjectives |
| ma mère | mah mair | my mother | Possessive Adjectives |
| mes parents | may pah-RAHN | my parents | Possessive Adjectives |
| ton frère | tohn frair | your brother (informal) | Possessive Adjectives |
| ta sœur | tah suhr | your sister (informal) | Possessive Adjectives |
| son livre | sohn LEE-vruh | his / her book | Possessive Adjectives |
| sa maison | sah may-ZOHN | his / her house | Possessive Adjectives |
| notre famille | NOH-truh fah-MEE | our family | Possessive Adjectives |
| votre chien | VOH-truh shee-AHN | your dog (formal/plural) | Possessive Adjectives |
| leur enfant | luhr ahn-FAHN | their child | Possessive Adjectives |
| leurs enfants | luhr zahn-FAHN | their children | Possessive Adjectives |
| mon amie | moh nah-MEE | my [female] friend | Possessive Adjectives |
| parce que | par-suh KUH | because | Subordinate Clauses: parce que, que, quand |
| que | kuh | that (introducing a clause) | Subordinate Clauses: parce que, que, quand |
| quand | kahn | when | Subordinate Clauses: parce que, que, quand |
| puisque | pweesk | since / as (giving a reason) | Subordinate Clauses: parce que, que, quand |
| comme | kum | as / since (used at the start of a sentence) | Subordinate Clauses: parce que, que, quand |
| pendant que | pahn-dahn KUH | while | Subordinate Clauses: parce que, que, quand |
| je pense que | zhuh pahns KUH | I think that | Subordinate Clauses: parce que, que, quand |
| je sais que | zhuh say KUH | I know that | Subordinate Clauses: parce que, que, quand |
| je voulais | zhuh voo-LEH | I wanted (ongoing) | Modal Verbs in the Past |
| j'ai voulu | zhay voo-LEW | I wanted to / decided to (a moment) | Modal Verbs in the Past |
| je pouvais | zhuh poo-VEH | I could / was able to (ongoing) | Modal Verbs in the Past |
| j'ai pu | zhay PEW | I managed to / was able to (a specific instance) | Modal Verbs in the Past |
| je devais | zhuh duh-VEH | I was supposed to (ongoing obligation) | Modal Verbs in the Past |
| j'ai dû | zhay DEW | I had to / must have (a specific instance) | Modal Verbs in the Past |
| je n'ai pas voulu | zhuh nay pah voo-LEW | I refused | Modal Verbs in the Past |
| je n'ai pas pu | zhuh nay pah PEW | I couldn't / failed to | Modal Verbs in the Past |
| plus rapide que | plew rah-PEED kuh | faster than | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| moins cher que | mwahn shair kuh | less expensive than | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| aussi grand que | oh-SEE grahn kuh | as tall as | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| le plus rapide | luh plew rah-PEED | the fastest | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| la plus grande | lah plew grahnd | the biggest (feminine) | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| les moins chers | lay mwahn shair | the least expensive (plural) | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| plus intéressant que | plewz an-tay-reh-SAHN kuh | more interesting than | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| moins facile que | mwahn fah-SEEL kuh | less easy than | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| plus de temps | plew duh tahn | more time | Comparing Nouns vs. Adjectives: plus de vs. plus |
| plus intelligent | plewz an-tay-lee-ZHAHN | more intelligent | Comparing Nouns vs. Adjectives: plus de vs. plus |
| moins d'argent | mwahn dar-ZHAHN | less money | Comparing Nouns vs. Adjectives: plus de vs. plus |
| moins cher | mwahn shair | less expensive | Comparing Nouns vs. Adjectives: plus de vs. plus |
| autant de livres | oh-TAHN duh LEE-vruh | as many books | Comparing Nouns vs. Adjectives: plus de vs. plus |
| aussi facilement | oh-see fah-seel-MAHN | as easily | Comparing Nouns vs. Adjectives: plus de vs. plus |
| plus de gens | plew duh zhahn | more people | Comparing Nouns vs. Adjectives: plus de vs. plus |
| plus rapidement | plew rah-peed-MAHN | more quickly | Comparing Nouns vs. Adjectives: plus de vs. plus |
| meilleur | may-YUHR | better (masc. singular) | Irregular Comparatives: bon → meilleur, bien → mieux |
| meilleure | may-YUHR | better (fem. singular) | Irregular Comparatives: bon → meilleur, bien → mieux |
| meilleurs / meilleures | may-YUHR | better (plural) | Irregular Comparatives: bon → meilleur, bien → mieux |
| mieux | mee-UH | better (adverb, invariable) | Irregular Comparatives: bon → meilleur, bien → mieux |
| le/la meilleur(e) | luh/lah may-YUHR | the best (adjective) | Irregular Comparatives: bon → meilleur, bien → mieux |
| le mieux | luh mee-UH | the best (adverb) | Irregular Comparatives: bon → meilleur, bien → mieux |
| pire | peer | worse (irregular) | Irregular Comparatives: bon → meilleur, bien → mieux |
| plus mauvais(e) | plew moh-VEH(z) | worse (regular alternative) | Irregular Comparatives: bon → meilleur, bien → mieux |
| Mange ! | mahnzh | Eat! (informal) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Finis ! | fee-NEE | Finish! (informal) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Attends ! | ah-TAHN | Wait! (informal) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Allons-y ! | ah-lohn-ZEE | Let's go! | Imperative (Commands) |
| Levez-vous ! | luh-vay VOO | Stand up! (formal/plural) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Assieds-toi ! | ah-syay TWAH | Sit down! (informal) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Ne parle pas ! | nuh parl PAH | Don't speak! (informal) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Sois sage ! | swah sahzh | Be good! (informal) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Ayez confiance ! | ay-yay kohn-fee-AHNS | Have confidence! (formal/plural) | Imperative (Commands) |
| Écoute ! | ay-KOOT | Listen! (informal) | Imperative (Commands) |
| grand / grande | grahn / grahnd | big / tall (masc./fem.) | Adjective Agreement & Position |
| heureux / heureuse | uh-RUH / uh-RUHZ | happy (masc./fem.) | Adjective Agreement & Position |
| actif / active | ak-TEEF / ak-TEEV | active (masc./fem.) | Adjective Agreement & Position |
| bon / bonne | bohn / bun | good (masc./fem.) | Adjective Agreement & Position |
| beau / belle / bel | boh / bel / bel | handsome, beautiful (masc./fem./masc. before vowel) | Adjective Agreement & Position |
| vieux / vieille / vieil | vyuh / vyay / vyay | old (masc./fem./masc. before vowel) | Adjective Agreement & Position |
| nouveau / nouvelle / nouvel | noo-VOH / noo-VEL / noo-VEL | new (masc./fem./masc. before vowel) | Adjective Agreement & Position |
| un joli garçon | uhn zho-LEE gar-SOHN | a pretty boy | Adjective Agreement & Position |
| une voiture rouge | ewn vwah-tewr roozh | a red car | Adjective Agreement & Position |
| j'ai mal à la tête | zhay mahl ah lah tet | I have a headache | Health & Body |
| j'ai mal au ventre | zhay mahl oh VAHN-truh | I have a stomachache | Health & Body |
| j'ai de la fièvre | zhay duh lah fee-EV-ruh | I have a fever | Health & Body |
| je suis malade | zhuh swee mah-LAHD | I am sick | Health & Body |
| le médecin | luh mayd-SAHN | the doctor | Health & Body |
| la pharmacie | lah far-mah-SEE | the pharmacy | Health & Body |
| un rendez-vous médical | uhn rahn-day-voo may-dee-KAL | a doctor's appointment | Health & Body |
| le cœur | luh kuhr | the heart | Health & Body |
| les yeux | lay zyuh | the eyes | Health & Body |
| la main | lah mahn | the hand | Health & Body |
| la jambe | lah zhahmb | the leg | Health & Body |
| prendre un médicament | prahn-druh uhn may-dee-kah-MAHN | to take a medicine | Health & Body |
| jouer au foot | zhoo-ay oh FOOT | to play football/soccer | Hobbies & Free Time |
| jouer du piano | zhoo-ay dew pee-ah-NOH | to play the piano | Hobbies & Free Time |
| lire | leer | to read | Hobbies & Free Time |
| dessiner | day-see-NAY | to draw | Hobbies & Free Time |
| cuisiner | kwee-zee-NAY | to cook | Hobbies & Free Time |
| faire du sport | fair dew spor | to play sports / exercise | Hobbies & Free Time |
| regarder des films | ruh-gar-day day feelm | to watch movies | Hobbies & Free Time |
| écouter de la musique | ay-koo-tay duh lah mew-ZEEK | to listen to music | Hobbies & Free Time |
| voyager | vwah-yah-ZHAY | to travel | Hobbies & Free Time |
| jardiner | zhar-dee-NAY | to garden | Hobbies & Free Time |
| le temps libre | luh tahn LEE-bruh | free time | Hobbies & Free Time |
| un passe-temps | uhn pahs-tahn | a hobby | Hobbies & Free Time |
| en voiture | ahn vwah-TEWR | by car | Travel & Transportation |
| en train | ahn trahn | by train | Travel & Transportation |
| en avion | ahn nah-vee-OHN | by plane | Travel & Transportation |
| à pied | ah pee-AY | on foot | Travel & Transportation |
| à vélo | ah vay-LOH | by bicycle | Travel & Transportation |
| un billet aller-retour | uhn bee-yay ah-lay ruh-TOOR | a round-trip ticket | Travel & Transportation |
| la gare | lah gahr | the train station | Travel & Transportation |
| l'aéroport | lah-ay-roh-POR | the airport | Travel & Transportation |
| réserver une chambre | ray-zair-vay ewn SHAHM-bruh | to book a room | Travel & Transportation |
| le passeport | luh pahs-POR | the passport | Travel & Transportation |
| la valise | lah vah-LEEZ | the suitcase | Travel & Transportation |
| Où est l'arrêt de bus ? | oo ay lah-REH duh bews | Where is the bus stop? | Travel & Transportation |
| la maison | lah may-ZOHN | the house | House & Home |
| l'appartement | lah-par-tuh-MAHN | the apartment | House & Home |
| la cuisine | lah kwee-ZEEN | the kitchen | House & Home |
| la chambre | lah SHAHM-bruh | the bedroom | House & Home |
| la salle de bain | lah sal duh bahn | the bathroom | House & Home |
| le salon | luh sah-LOHN | the living room | House & Home |
| le jardin | luh zhar-DAHN | the garden | House & Home |
| habiter | ah-bee-TAY | to live, reside | House & Home |
| le loyer | luh lwah-YAY | the rent | House & Home |
| déménager | day-may-nah-ZHAY | to move (house) | House & Home |
| les meubles | lay MUH-bluh | the furniture | House & Home |
| la clé | lah klay | the key | House & Home |
| grand(e) | grahn(d) | tall | Describing People |
| petit(e) | puh-TEE(t) | short | Describing People |
| mince | mahns | slim | Describing People |
| les cheveux longs | lay shuh-vuh lohn | long hair | Describing People |
| les yeux marron | lay zyuh mah-ROHN | brown eyes | Describing People |
| sympathique | sam-pah-TEEK | nice, friendly | Describing People |
| drôle | drohl | funny | Describing People |
| timide | tee-MEED | shy | Describing People |
| généreux / généreuse | zhay-nay-RUH / zhay-nay-RUHZ | generous (masc./fem.) | Describing People |
| il/elle ressemble à | eel/el ruh-SAHM-bluh ah | he/she looks like / resembles | Describing People |
| porter des lunettes | por-tay day lew-NET | to wear glasses | Describing People |
| avoir la barbe | ah-vwar lah barb | to have a beard | Describing People |
| On se voit quand ? | ohn suh vwah kahn | When shall we meet? | Making Plans Together |
| Ça te dit de... ? | sah tuh dee duh | Would you be up for...? | Making Plans Together |
| Qu'est-ce qu'on fait ce soir ? | kes kohn feh suh SWAHR | What are we doing tonight? | Making Plans Together |
| Je suis libre samedi. | zhuh swee LEE-bruh sam-DEE | I'm free on Saturday. | Making Plans Together |
| Ça marche pour moi. | sah marsh poor mwah | That works for me. | Making Plans Together |
| Désolé(e), je ne peux pas. | day-zoh-lay zhuh nuh puh PAH | Sorry, I can't. | Making Plans Together |
| On se retrouve où ? | ohn suh ruh-troov OO | Where shall we meet up? | Making Plans Together |
| Je te propose de... | zhuh tuh proh-POHZ duh | I suggest that we... | Making Plans Together |
| On peut reporter à demain. | ohn puh ruh-por-tay ah duh-MAHN | We can postpone it to tomorrow. | Making Plans Together |
| À plus tard ! | ah plew TAR | See you later! | Making Plans Together |
| Sur la photo, on voit... | sewr lah foh-TOH ohn vwah | In the picture, you can see... | Describing a Picture |
| au premier plan | oh pruh-mee-ay PLAHN | in the foreground | Describing a Picture |
| à l'arrière-plan | ah lah-ree-air PLAHN | in the background | Describing a Picture |
| à gauche | ah gohsh | on the left | Describing a Picture |
| à droite | ah drwaht | on the right | Describing a Picture |
| au centre | oh SAHN-truh | in the center | Describing a Picture |
| il semble que... | eel sahm-bluh kuh | it seems that... | Describing a Picture |
| je pense que ça se passe... | zhuh pahns kuh sah suh pahs | I think this is taking place... | Describing a Picture |
| on dirait que... | ohn dee-reh kuh | it looks like... | Describing a Picture |
| au fond de l'image | oh fohn duh lee-MAZH | at the back of the picture | Describing a Picture |
| d'abord | dah-BOR | first | Narrating Past Experiences |
| ensuite | ahn-SWEET | then, next | Narrating Past Experiences |
| puis | pwee | then | Narrating Past Experiences |
| après ça | ah-preh SAH | after that | Narrating Past Experiences |
| finalement | fee-nal-MAHN | finally | Narrating Past Experiences |
| l'année dernière | lah-nay dair-nee-AIR | last year | Narrating Past Experiences |
| un jour | uhn zhoor | one day | Narrating Past Experiences |
| pendant les vacances | pahn-dahn lay vah-KAHNS | during the holidays | Narrating Past Experiences |
| c'était incroyable | seh-teh ahn-krwah-YAH-bluh | it was incredible | Narrating Past Experiences |
| je n'oublierai jamais | zhuh noo-blee-ray zha-MEH | I will never forget | Narrating Past Experiences |
| Noël | noh-EL | Christmas | Celebrations & Holidays |
| le Nouvel An | luh noo-vel AHN | New Year | Celebrations & Holidays |
| le 14 juillet | luh kah-torz zhwee-YAY | Bastille Day, France's national day | Celebrations & Holidays |
| un anniversaire | uh nah-nee-vair-SAIR | a birthday | Celebrations & Holidays |
| un mariage | uh mah-ree-AHZH | a wedding | Celebrations & Holidays |
| fêter | feh-TAY | to celebrate | Celebrations & Holidays |
| offrir un cadeau | oh-freer uhn kah-DOH | to give a gift | Celebrations & Holidays |
| Joyeux anniversaire ! | zhwah-yuh zah-nee-vair-SAIR | Happy birthday! | Celebrations & Holidays |
| Bonne année ! | bun ah-NAY | Happy New Year! | Celebrations & Holidays |
| une fête | ewn fet | a festival / party | Celebrations & Holidays |
| les feux d'artifice | lay fuh dar-tee-FEES | fireworks | Celebrations & Holidays |
| un téléphone portable | uh tay-lay-fun por-TAH-bluh | a mobile phone | Technology & Communication |
| envoyer un message | ahn-vwah-yay uh may-SAHZH | to send a message | Technology & Communication |
| un e-mail / un courriel | uh ee-mel / uh koo-ree-EL | an email | Technology & Communication |
| appeler | ah-play | to call | Technology & Communication |
| se connecter à Internet | suh kuh-nek-tay ah an-tair-NET | to connect to the internet | Technology & Communication |
| un mot de passe | uh moh duh PAHS | a password | Technology & Communication |
| télécharger | tay-lay-shar-ZHAY | to download | Technology & Communication |
| les réseaux sociaux | lay ray-zoh soh-see-OH | social media | Technology & Communication |
| un ordinateur | uh nor-dee-nah-TUHR | a computer | Technology & Communication |
| prendre une photo | prahn-druh ewn foh-TOH | to take a photo | Technology & Communication |
| la batterie est déchargée | lah bat-ree eh day-shar-ZHAY | the battery is dead | Technology & Communication |
| Je voudrais prendre un rendez-vous. | zhuh voo-dreh prahn-druh uh rahn-day-VOO | I would like to make an appointment. | Making an Appointment |
| Vous êtes disponible quand ? | voo zet dee-spoh-NEE-bluh kahn | When are you available? | Making an Appointment |
| Est-ce que le mardi vous convient ? | es kuh luh mar-DEE voo kohn-vee-AHN | Does Tuesday work for you? | Making an Appointment |
| Je dois annuler mon rendez-vous. | zhuh dwah ah-new-lay mohn rahn-day-VOO | I need to cancel my appointment. | Making an Appointment |
| Pouvons-nous reporter ? | poo-vohn noo ruh-por-TAY | Can we reschedule? | Making an Appointment |
| À quelle heure ? | ah kel UHR | At what time? | Making an Appointment |
| C'est noté. | seh noh-TAY | Noted / It's confirmed. | Making an Appointment |
| Je confirme notre rendez-vous. | zhuh kohn-feerm noh-truh rahn-day-VOO | I'm confirming our appointment. | Making an Appointment |
| Je suis en retard. | zhuh swee zahn ruh-TAR | I'm running late. | Making an Appointment |
| À bientôt ! | ah bee-ahn-TOH | See you soon! | Making an Appointment |
| Salut [nom], | sah-LEW | Hi [name], | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Merci pour ton message. | mair-see poor tohn may-SAHZH | Thanks for your message. | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Comment vas-tu ? | koh-mahn vah TEW | How are you? | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Pour répondre à ta question, | poor ray-pohn-druh ah tah kes-tee-OHN | To answer your question, | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Je suis désolé(e), mais... | zhuh swee day-zoh-lay meh | I'm sorry, but... | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Ça me ferait plaisir de... | sah muh fuh-reh play-ZEER duh | I'd be happy to... | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Tiens-moi au courant. | tee-ahn mwah oh koo-RAHN | Keep me posted. | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| À bientôt, | ah bee-ahn-TOH | See you soon, | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Grosses bises, | grohs beez | Lots of love, (informal sign-off) | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| Réponds-moi vite ! | ray-pohn mwah veet | Reply to me soon! | Exam Writing: Responding to a Message |
| je savais / j'ai su | zhuh sah-VAY / zhay SU | I knew / I found out | Passé Composé vs. Imparfait in Narration |
| je connaissais / j'ai connu | zhuh kuh-neh-SAY / zhay kuh-NU | I knew (someone/place) / I met for the first time | Passé Composé vs. Imparfait in Narration |
| je pouvais / j'ai pu | zhuh poo-VAY / zhay PU | I could (generally) / I managed to (that time) | Passé Composé vs. Imparfait in Narration |
| je voulais / j'ai voulu | zhuh voo-LAY / zhay voo-LU | I wanted / I tried to (decided to) | Passé Composé vs. Imparfait in Narration |
| quand | kahn | when (interrupts an ongoing action) | Passé Composé vs. Imparfait in Narration |
| pendant que | pahn-dahn kuh | while (two ongoing actions) | Passé Composé vs. Imparfait in Narration |
| tout à coup | too tah KOO | suddenly (signals a passé composé event) | Passé Composé vs. Imparfait in Narration |
| un jour | uhn ZHOOR | one day | Passé Composé vs. Imparfait in Narration |
| soudain | soo-DAN | suddenly | Passé Composé vs. Imparfait in Narration |
| alors que | ah-LOR kuh | whereas / while | Passé Composé vs. Imparfait in Narration |
| celui | suh-LWEE | this one / that one (masc. sg.) | Demonstrative Pronouns: celui, celle, ceux, celles |
| celle | sell | this one / that one (fem. sg.) | Demonstrative Pronouns: celui, celle, ceux, celles |
| ceux | suh | these / those (masc. pl.) | Demonstrative Pronouns: celui, celle, ceux, celles |
| celles | sell | these / those (fem. pl.) | Demonstrative Pronouns: celui, celle, ceux, celles |
| celui-ci / celui-là | suh-LWEE-SEE / suh-LWEE-LAH | this one (here) / that one (there) | Demonstrative Pronouns: celui, celle, ceux, celles |
| celui de | suh-LWEE duh | that of / the one belonging to | Demonstrative Pronouns: celui, celle, ceux, celles |
| celui qui | suh-LWEE kee | the one who (subject) | Demonstrative Pronouns: celui, celle, ceux, celles |
| celle que | sell kuh | the one that (object) | Demonstrative Pronouns: celui, celle, ceux, celles |
| ce qui / ce que | suh kee / suh kuh | what (subject) / what (object) | Demonstrative Pronouns: celui, celle, ceux, celles |
| le mien / la mienne | luh mee-AN / lah mee-EN | mine | Possessive Pronouns: le mien, le tien, le sien... |
| le tien / la tienne | luh tee-AN / lah tee-EN | yours (informal singular) | Possessive Pronouns: le mien, le tien, le sien... |
| le sien / la sienne | luh see-AN / lah see-EN | his / hers / its | Possessive Pronouns: le mien, le tien, le sien... |
| le/la nôtre | luh/lah NOH-truh | ours | Possessive Pronouns: le mien, le tien, le sien... |
| le/la vôtre | luh/lah VOH-truh | yours (formal / plural) | Possessive Pronouns: le mien, le tien, le sien... |
| le/la leur | luh/lah LUHR | theirs | Possessive Pronouns: le mien, le tien, le sien... |
| les leurs | lay LUHR | theirs (plural noun) | Possessive Pronouns: le mien, le tien, le sien... |
| à qui est-ce ? | ah kee ess | whose is it? | Possessive Pronouns: le mien, le tien, le sien... |
| c'est à moi | say tah MWAH | it's mine | Possessive Pronouns: le mien, le tien, le sien... |
| qui | kee | who / that / which (subject) | Relative Pronouns: qui, que, où, dont |
| que (qu') | kuh | that / which / whom (object) | Relative Pronouns: qui, que, où, dont |
| où | oo | where / when | Relative Pronouns: qui, que, où, dont |
| dont | dohn | of which / whose / about which | Relative Pronouns: qui, que, où, dont |
| ce qui | suh kee | what (subject of clause) | Relative Pronouns: qui, que, où, dont |
| ce que | suh kuh | what (object of clause) | Relative Pronouns: qui, que, où, dont |
| ce dont | suh dohn | what (with a de-verb) | Relative Pronouns: qui, que, où, dont |
| lequel / laquelle | luh-KEL / lah-KEL | which one (after a preposition) | Relative Pronouns: qui, que, où, dont |
| être fait(e) | eh-truh fet | to be made/done | Passive Voice |
| être vendu(e) | eh-truh vahn-DU | to be sold | Passive Voice |
| être construit(e) | eh-truh kon-STRWEE | to be built | Passive Voice |
| être invité(e) | eh-truh an-vee-TAY | to be invited | Passive Voice |
| être payé(e) | eh-truh pay-YAY | to be paid | Passive Voice |
| être choisi(e) | eh-truh shwah-ZEE | to be chosen | Passive Voice |
| par | par | by (the agent) | Passive Voice |
| la construction | lah kon-strook-see-OHN | construction | Passive Voice |
| par | par | by (active, concrete agent) | Passive Agent Marking: par vs. de |
| de | duh | by (state, emotion, habitual condition) | Passive Agent Marking: par vs. de |
| être aimé(e) de | eh-truh ay-MAY duh | to be loved by | Passive Agent Marking: par vs. de |
| être couvert(e) de | eh-truh koo-VEHR duh | to be covered with/by | Passive Agent Marking: par vs. de |
| être entouré(e) de | eh-truh ahn-too-RAY duh | to be surrounded by | Passive Agent Marking: par vs. de |
| être connu(e) de | eh-truh kuh-NU duh | to be known by | Passive Agent Marking: par vs. de |
| être suivi(e) de | eh-truh swee-VEE duh | to be followed by | Passive Agent Marking: par vs. de |
| être accompagné(e) de | eh-truh ah-kohm-pah-NYAY duh | to be accompanied by | Passive Agent Marking: par vs. de |
| je serai (être) | zhuh suh-RAY | I will be | Future Tense: Futur Simple |
| j'aurai (avoir) | zhoh-RAY | I will have | Future Tense: Futur Simple |
| j'irai (aller) | zhee-RAY | I will go | Future Tense: Futur Simple |
| je ferai (faire) | zhuh fuh-RAY | I will do/make | Future Tense: Futur Simple |
| je viendrai (venir) | zhuh vee-an-DRAY | I will come | Future Tense: Futur Simple |
| je verrai (voir) | zhuh veh-RAY | I will see | Future Tense: Futur Simple |
| je pourrai (pouvoir) | zhuh poo-RAY | I will be able to | Future Tense: Futur Simple |
| il faudra (falloir) | eel foh-DRAH | it will be necessary | Future Tense: Futur Simple |
| j'avais mangé | zhah-VAY mahn-ZHAY | I had eaten | Plus-que-parfait: The Past-Before-the-Past |
| j'étais parti(e) | zhay-TAY par-TEE | I had left | Plus-que-parfait: The Past-Before-the-Past |
| il avait déjà fini | eel ah-VAY day-ZHAH fee-NEE | he had already finished | Plus-que-parfait: The Past-Before-the-Past |
| déjà | day-ZHAH | already | Plus-que-parfait: The Past-Before-the-Past |
| avant que | ah-VAHN kuh | before | Plus-que-parfait: The Past-Before-the-Past |
| ne...pas encore | nuh...pah zahn-KOR | not yet | Plus-que-parfait: The Past-Before-the-Past |
| je voudrais | zhuh voo-DRAY | I would like | Conditionnel Présent: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| j'aimerais | zhem-RAY | I would love/like | Conditionnel Présent: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| pourriez-vous | poo-ree-AY voo | could you (formal/plural) | Conditionnel Présent: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| pourrais-tu | poo-RAY tu | could you (informal) | Conditionnel Présent: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| ce serait | suh suh-RAY | it would be | Conditionnel Présent: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| il faudrait | eel foh-DRAY | it would be necessary | Conditionnel Présent: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| à ta place | ah tah plahs | in your place / if I were you | Conditionnel Présent: Hypotheticals & Polite Requests |
| pour + infinitif | poor | in order to | Infinitive Clauses: pour, sans, au lieu de + infinitif |
| sans + infinitif | sahn | without doing | Infinitive Clauses: pour, sans, au lieu de + infinitif |
| au lieu de + infinitif | oh lyuh duh | instead of doing | Infinitive Clauses: pour, sans, au lieu de + infinitif |
| avant de + infinitif | ah-vahn duh | before doing | Infinitive Clauses: pour, sans, au lieu de + infinitif |
| afin de + infinitif | ah-fan duh | in order to (more formal) | Infinitive Clauses: pour, sans, au lieu de + infinitif |
| après avoir/être + participe passé | ah-preh ah-VWAR / eh-truh | after having done / after being | Infinitive Clauses: pour, sans, au lieu de + infinitif |
| si + présent | see | if (real/possible condition) | Si Clauses: Type 1 & Type 2 Conditionals |
| si + imparfait | see | if (hypothetical condition) | Si Clauses: Type 1 & Type 2 Conditionals |
| sinon | see-NOHN | otherwise / if not | Si Clauses: Type 1 & Type 2 Conditionals |
| même si | mem see | even if | Si Clauses: Type 1 & Type 2 Conditionals |
| soit...soit | swah...swah | either...or | Double Conjunctions: soit...soit, ni...ni |
| ni...ni | nee...nee | neither...nor | Double Conjunctions: soit...soit, ni...ni |
| ou bien | oo byan | or else | Double Conjunctions: soit...soit, ni...ni |
| non seulement...mais aussi | nohn suhl-mahn...meh oh-SEE | not only...but also | Double Conjunctions: soit...soit, ni...ni |
| tantôt...tantôt | tahn-TOH...tahn-TOH | sometimes...sometimes | Double Conjunctions: soit...soit, ni...ni |
| j'ai écrit / écrite | zhay ay-KREE / ay-KREET | I wrote / written (agreed, feminine) | Past Participle Agreement: avoir vs. être, and the Preceding Direct Object Rule |
| je l'ai vu(e) | zhuh lay VU | I saw it/him/her | Past Participle Agreement: avoir vs. être, and the Preceding Direct Object Rule |
| que (relative, triggers agreement) | kuh | that/which (preceding direct object) | Past Participle Agreement: avoir vs. être, and the Preceding Direct Object Rule |
| lui / leur (never trigger agreement) | lwee / luhr | to him/her / to them (indirect object — no agreement) | Past Participle Agreement: avoir vs. être, and the Preceding Direct Object Rule |
| DR & MRS VANDERTRAMP | (mnemonic, spelled out in English) | mnemonic listing the être-taking verbs | Past Participle Agreement: avoir vs. être, and the Preceding Direct Object Rule |
| j'ai fini / je suis parti(e) | zhay fee-NEE / zhuh swee par-TEE | I finished (avoir, no agreement) / I left (être, agrees with subject) | Past Participle Agreement: avoir vs. être, and the Preceding Direct Object Rule |
| penser à | pahn-SAY ah | to think of/about (mental focus) | Prepositional Verbs: penser à, avoir besoin de, s'intéresser à |
| penser de | pahn-SAY duh | to think of (opinion) | Prepositional Verbs: penser à, avoir besoin de, s'intéresser à |
| avoir besoin de | ah-vwar buh-ZWAN duh | to need | Prepositional Verbs: penser à, avoir besoin de, s'intéresser à |
| s'intéresser à | san-tay-reh-SAY ah | to be interested in | Prepositional Verbs: penser à, avoir besoin de, s'intéresser à |
| assister à | ah-sees-TAY ah | to attend | Prepositional Verbs: penser à, avoir besoin de, s'intéresser à |
| manquer à | mahn-KAY ah | to be missed by (tu me manques = I miss you) | Prepositional Verbs: penser à, avoir besoin de, s'intéresser à |
| jouer à | zhoo-AY ah | to play (a sport/game) | Prepositional Verbs: penser à, avoir besoin de, s'intéresser à |
| jouer de | zhoo-AY duh | to play (an instrument) | Prepositional Verbs: penser à, avoir besoin de, s'intéresser à |
| rêver de | reh-VAY duh | to dream of/about | Prepositional Verbs: penser à, avoir besoin de, s'intéresser à |
| se souvenir de | suh soo-vuh-NEER duh | to remember | Prepositional Verbs: penser à, avoir besoin de, s'intéresser à |
| compter sur | kohn-TAY sur | to count on | Prepositional Verbs: penser à, avoir besoin de, s'intéresser à |
| dépendre de | day-PAHN-druh duh | to depend on | Prepositional Verbs: penser à, avoir besoin de, s'intéresser à |
| depuis | duh-PWEE | since / for (ongoing action) | Time Expressions: depuis, il y a, pendant, dans |
| il y a | eel-ee-AH | ago | Time Expressions: depuis, il y a, pendant, dans |
| pendant | pahn-DAHN | for/during (completed duration) | Time Expressions: depuis, il y a, pendant, dans |
| dans | dahn | in (future time) | Time Expressions: depuis, il y a, pendant, dans |
| en (+ durée) | ahn | in (time it takes to complete something) | Time Expressions: depuis, il y a, pendant, dans |
| jusqu'à | zhoos-KAH | until | Time Expressions: depuis, il y a, pendant, dans |
| à partir de | ah par-TEER duh | starting from | Time Expressions: depuis, il y a, pendant, dans |
| tout à l'heure | too tah LUHR | in a little while / a little while ago | Time Expressions: depuis, il y a, pendant, dans |
| dire que | deer kuh | to say that | Reported Speech: Le Discours Indirect |
| demander si | duh-mahn-DAY see | to ask whether | Reported Speech: Le Discours Indirect |
| demander ce que / ce qui | duh-mahn-DAY suh kuh / suh kee | to ask what (object/subject) | Reported Speech: Le Discours Indirect |
| répondre que | ray-POHN-druh kuh | to answer that | Reported Speech: Le Discours Indirect |
| expliquer que | ex-plee-KAY kuh | to explain that | Reported Speech: Le Discours Indirect |
| à ce moment-là | ah suh moh-mahn LAH | at that moment | Reported Speech: Le Discours Indirect |
| le lendemain | luh lahn-duh-MAN | the next day | Reported Speech: Le Discours Indirect |
| la veille | lah VAY | the day before | Reported Speech: Le Discours Indirect |
| le CV | luh say-VAY | résumé/CV | Work & Career |
| l'entretien d'embauche | lahn-truh-tee-AN dahm-BOHSH | job interview | Work & Career |
| le poste | luh post | position/job | Work & Career |
| l'entreprise (f) | lahn-truh-PREEZ | company | Work & Career |
| le salaire | luh sah-LAIR | salary | Work & Career |
| le/la collègue | luh/lah koh-LEG | colleague | Work & Career |
| le patron / la patronne | luh pah-TROHN / lah pah-TRON | boss | Work & Career |
| démissionner | day-mee-see-oh-NAY | to resign | Work & Career |
| embaucher | ahm-boh-SHAY | to hire | Work & Career |
| licencier | lee-sahn-see-AY | to lay off/dismiss | Work & Career |
| le stage | luh stahzh | internship | Work & Career |
| le télétravail | luh tay-lay-trah-VYE | remote work | Work & Career |
| la retraite | lah ruh-TRET | retirement | Work & Career |
| les responsabilités (f) | lay res-pon-sah-bee-lee-TAY | responsibilities | Work & Career |
| la promotion | lah proh-moh-see-OHN | promotion | Work & Career |
| le réchauffement climatique | luh ray-shoh-fuh-mahn klee-mah-TEEK | global warming | Environment & Sustainability |
| l'environnement (m) | lahn-vee-ron-uh-MAHN | the environment | Environment & Sustainability |
| le recyclage | luh ruh-see-KLAHZH | recycling | Environment & Sustainability |
| les déchets (m) | lay day-SHEH | waste/trash | Environment & Sustainability |
| la pollution | lah poh-lu-see-OHN | pollution | Environment & Sustainability |
| une énergie renouvelable | un ay-nair-ZHEE ruh-noo-vuh-LAH-bluh | renewable energy | Environment & Sustainability |
| économiser | ay-koh-noh-mee-ZAY | to save/conserve | Environment & Sustainability |
| gaspiller | gahs-pee-YAY | to waste | Environment & Sustainability |
| protéger | proh-tay-ZHAY | to protect | Environment & Sustainability |
| la biodiversité | lah bee-oh-dee-vair-see-TAY | biodiversity | Environment & Sustainability |
| les émissions (f) de CO2 | lay zay-mee-see-OHN duh say-oh-DUH | CO2 emissions | Environment & Sustainability |
| le développement durable | luh dayv-lohp-MAHN du-RAH-bluh | sustainable development | Environment & Sustainability |
| trier les déchets | tree-AY lay day-SHEH | to sort waste (for recycling) | Environment & Sustainability |
| un sac en plastique | uhn sahk ahn plah-STEEK | a plastic bag | Environment & Sustainability |
| les actualités (f) | lay zahk-tu-ah-lee-TAY | the news | Media & News |
| une chaîne d'information | un shen dan-for-mah-see-OHN | a news channel | Media & News |
| un article | uhn ar-TEE-kluh | an article | Media & News |
| la une | lah oon | the front page/headline | Media & News |
| un journal télévisé | uhn zhoor-NAHL tay-lay-vee-ZAY | a TV news broadcast | Media & News |
| un reportage | uhn ruh-por-TAHZH | a news report | Media & News |
| la presse | lah press | the press | Media & News |
| un(e) journaliste | uhn/un zhoor-nah-LEEST | a journalist | Media & News |
| diffuser | dee-fu-ZAY | to broadcast | Media & News |
| une source | un sors | a source | Media & News |
| fiable | fee-AH-bluh | reliable | Media & News |
| un scandale | uhn skahn-DAHL | a scandal | Media & News |
| faire la une | fair lah oon | to make headlines | Media & News |
| selon | suh-LOHN | according to | Media & News |
| à mon avis | ah mohn ah-VEE | in my opinion | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| selon moi | suh-LOHN mwah | according to me | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| je pense que | zhuh pahns kuh | I think that | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| je trouve que | zhuh troov kuh | I find that | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| je suis d'accord | zhuh swee dah-KOR | I agree | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| je ne suis pas d'accord | zhuh nuh swee pah dah-KOR | I disagree | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| tout à fait | too tah FEH | absolutely / completely | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| pas du tout | pah du TOO | not at all | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| avoir raison | ah-vwar reh-ZOHN | to be right | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| avoir tort | ah-vwar tor | to be wrong | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| au contraire | oh kon-TRAIR | on the contrary | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| d'un côté...de l'autre côté | duhn koh-TAY...duh LOH-truh koh-TAY | on one hand...on the other hand | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| ça dépend | sah day-PAHN | it depends | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| franchement | frahn-shuh-MAHN | frankly | Opinions: Agreeing & Disagreeing |
| Madame, Monsieur, | mah-DAHM muh-SYUR | Dear Sir or Madam, | Formal Letters & Emails |
| veuillez agréer | vuh-YAY ah-gray-AY | please accept | Formal Letters & Emails |
| l'expression de mes salutations distinguées | lex-preh-see-OHN duh may sah-lu-tah-see-OHN dees-tan-GAY | the expression of my distinguished greetings (closing formula) | Formal Letters & Emails |
| je vous prie de | zhuh voo pree duh | I ask you to (formal) | Formal Letters & Emails |
| dans l'attente de votre réponse | dahn lah-TAHNT duh voh-truh ray-POHNS | awaiting your reply | Formal Letters & Emails |
| cordialement | kor-dee-ahl-MAHN | best regards (semi-formal) | Formal Letters & Emails |
| ci-joint | see-ZHWAN | attached/enclosed | Formal Letters & Emails |
| un objet | uhn ob-ZHEH | a subject line | Formal Letters & Emails |
| suite à | sweet ah | further to / following | Formal Letters & Emails |
| en réponse à | ahn ray-POHNS ah | in response to | Formal Letters & Emails |
| vous trouverez ci-dessous | voo troo-vuh-RAY see-duh-SOO | you will find below | Formal Letters & Emails |
| je me permets de | zhuh muh pair-MEH duh | I take the liberty of | Formal Letters & Emails |
| tout d'abord | too dah-BOR | first of all | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| ensuite | ahn-SWEET | next/then | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| puis | pwee | then | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| enfin | ahn-FAN | finally | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| pour conclure | poor kon-KLUR | to conclude | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| en premier lieu | ahn pruh-mee-AY lyuh | in the first place | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| d'une part...d'autre part | dun par...DOH-truh par | on the one hand...on the other hand | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| il s'agit de | eel sah-ZHEE duh | it is about/a matter of | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| aborder un sujet | ah-bor-DAY uhn su-ZHEH | to address a topic | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| développer une idée | dayv-loh-PAY un ee-DAY | to develop an idea | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| en résumé | ahn ray-zu-MAY | in summary | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| un plan | uhn plahn | an outline/structure | Giving a Structured Presentation |
| un avantage | uhn ah-vahn-TAHZH | an advantage | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| un inconvénient | uhn an-kohn-vay-nee-AHN | a disadvantage | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| d'un côté | duhn koh-TAY | on one hand | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| de l'autre côté | duh LOH-truh koh-TAY | on the other hand | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| d'une part | dun par | on the one hand | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| d'autre part | DOH-truh par | on the other hand | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| en revanche | ahn ruh-VAHNSH | on the other hand / however | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| par contre | par KOHN-truh | on the other hand (more casual) | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| cependant | suh-pahn-DAHN | however | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| néanmoins | nay-ahn-MWAN | nevertheless | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| il est vrai que | ee-leh vreh kuh | it's true that | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| malgré tout | mahl-GRAY too | despite everything | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| tandis que | tahn-DEE kuh | whereas | Advantages & Disadvantages |
| se plaindre de | suh plan-druh duh | to complain about | Complaints & Problems |
| un problème | uhn proh-BLEM | a problem | Complaints & Problems |
| un défaut | uhn day-FOH | a defect/flaw | Complaints & Problems |
| endommagé(e) | ahn-doh-mah-ZHAY | damaged | Complaints & Problems |
| rembourser | rahm-boor-SAY | to refund | Complaints & Problems |
| un remboursement | uhn rahm-boors-uh-MAHN | a refund | Complaints & Problems |
| réclamer | ray-klah-MAY | to demand/claim | Complaints & Problems |
| une réclamation | un ray-klah-mah-see-OHN | a complaint (formal) | Complaints & Problems |
| insatisfait(e) | an-sah-tees-FEH | dissatisfied | Complaints & Problems |
| décevant(e) | days-VAHN | disappointing | Complaints & Problems |
| un dédommagement | uhn day-doh-mahzh-MAHN | compensation | Complaints & Problems |
| exiger | ex-ee-ZHAY | to demand/require | Complaints & Problems |
| à plusieurs reprises | ah plu-zyur ruh-PREEZ | on several occasions | Complaints & Problems |
| j'aimerais | zhem-RAY | I'd like | Life Plans & Wishes |
| je voudrais | zhuh voo-DRAY | I would like | Life Plans & Wishes |
| j'ai l'intention de | zhay lan-tahn-see-OHN duh | I intend to | Life Plans & Wishes |
| un projet | uhn proh-ZHEH | a project/plan | Life Plans & Wishes |
| un objectif | uhn ob-zhek-TEEF | a goal | Life Plans & Wishes |
| un rêve | uhn rev | a dream | Life Plans & Wishes |
| réaliser un rêve | ray-ah-lee-ZAY uhn rev | to make a dream come true | Life Plans & Wishes |
| envisager de | ahn-vee-zah-ZHAY duh | to consider/envisage | Life Plans & Wishes |
| espérer | es-pay-RAY | to hope | Life Plans & Wishes |
| à long terme | ah lohn term | in the long term | Life Plans & Wishes |
| à court terme | ah koor term | in the short term | Life Plans & Wishes |
| se fixer un but | suh feek-SAY uhn bu | to set oneself a goal | Life Plans & Wishes |
| atteindre un objectif | ah-tan-druh uhn ob-zhek-TEEF | to reach a goal | Life Plans & Wishes |
| c'est incroyable | say-tan-krwah-YAH-bluh | that's incredible | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| quelle bonne idée | kel bon ee-DAY | what a good idea | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| félicitations | fay-lee-see-tah-see-OHN | congratulations | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| je suis impressionné(e) | zhuh swee zam-pres-see-oh-NAY | I'm impressed | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| ça m'étonne | sah may-TON | that surprises me | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| à ta place | ah tah plahs | if I were you | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| je te conseille de | zhuh tuh kon-SAY duh | I advise you to | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| il vaudrait mieux | eel voh-DREH myuh | it would be better to | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| tu devrais | tu duh-VREH | you should | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| dommage | doh-MAHZH | that's a shame/pity | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| tant mieux | tahn myuh | so much the better | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| tant pis | tahn pee | too bad / oh well | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| bien joué | byan zhoo-AY | well done | Reacting & Giving Feedback |
| je vous écris pour | zhuh voo zay-KREE poor | I am writing to you to | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| je vous signale que | zhuh voo see-NYAHL kuh | I would like to point out that | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| je souhaiterais que vous | zhuh swet-RAY kuh voo | I would like you to | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| dans les plus brefs délais | dahn lay plu brehf day-LEH | as soon as possible | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| je compte sur votre compréhension | zhuh kohnt sur voh-truh kohm-pray-ahn-see-OHN | I am counting on your understanding | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| veuillez trouver ci-joint | vuh-YAY troo-VAY see-ZHWAN | please find attached | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| en espérant une réponse rapide | ahn es-pay-RAHN un ray-POHNS rah-PEED | hoping for a quick reply | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| cordialement | kor-dee-ahl-MAHN | best regards | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| je vous remercie par avance | zhuh voo ruh-mair-SEE par ah-VAHNS | thank you in advance | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| résoudre le problème | ray-ZOO-druh luh proh-BLEM | to resolve the problem | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| prendre les mesures nécessaires | prahn-druh lay muh-ZUR nay-say-SEHR | to take the necessary measures | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| un dédommagement | uhn day-doh-mahzh-MAHN | compensation | Exam Writing: A Problem Email |
| doit être fait(e) | dwah eh-truh feh | must be done | Passive with Modal-like Verbs: devoir être fait |
| peut être résolu(e) | puh eh-truh ray-zoh-LU | can be solved | Passive with Modal-like Verbs: devoir être fait |
| doit être envoyé(e) | dwah eh-truh ahn-vwah-YAY | must be sent | Passive with Modal-like Verbs: devoir être fait |
| peut être fait(e) | puh eh-truh feh | can be done | Passive with Modal-like Verbs: devoir être fait |
| doit être terminé(e) | dwah eh-truh ter-mee-NAY | must be finished | Passive with Modal-like Verbs: devoir être fait |
| ne doit pas être oublié(e) | nuh dwah pah zeh-truh oo-blee-AY | must not be forgotten | Passive with Modal-like Verbs: devoir être fait |
| peut être changé(e) | puh eh-truh shahn-ZHAY | can be changed | Passive with Modal-like Verbs: devoir être fait |
| devrait être vérifié(e) | duh-vreh teh-truh vay-ree-fee-AY | should be checked | Passive with Modal-like Verbs: devoir être fait |
| il faut que | eel foh kuh | it is necessary that... | Subjonctif Présent: Formation & Basic Triggers |
| je veux que | zhuh vuh kuh | I want ... to ... | Subjonctif Présent: Formation & Basic Triggers |
| avant que | ah-vahn kuh | before | Subjonctif Présent: Formation & Basic Triggers |
| bien que | byahn kuh | although | Subjonctif Présent: Formation & Basic Triggers |
| je doute que | zhuh doot kuh | I doubt that... | Subjonctif Présent: Formation & Basic Triggers |
| je suis content(e) que | zhuh swee kohn-TAHN kuh | I'm happy that... | Subjonctif Présent: Formation & Basic Triggers |
| que je sois | kuh zhuh swah | that I be | Subjonctif Présent: Formation & Basic Triggers |
| que j'aie | kuh zhay | that I have | Subjonctif Présent: Formation & Basic Triggers |
| que je fasse | kuh zhuh fahs | that I do / make | Subjonctif Présent: Formation & Basic Triggers |
| que je puisse | kuh zhuh pweess | that I be able to | Subjonctif Présent: Formation & Basic Triggers |
| que je sache | kuh zhuh sahsh | that I know | Subjonctif Présent: Formation & Basic Triggers |
| que je veuille | kuh zhuh vuh-y | that I want | Subjonctif Présent: Formation & Basic Triggers |
| que j'aille | kuh zhy | that I go | Subjonctif Présent: Formation & Basic Triggers |
| en mangeant | ahn mahn-ZHAHN | while eating | Participe Présent & Gérondif |
| en marchant | ahn mar-SHAHN | while walking | Participe Présent & Gérondif |
| en travaillant | ahn trah-vah-YAHN | while working | Participe Présent & Gérondif |
| en riant | ahn ree-AHN | while laughing | Participe Présent & Gérondif |
| en étant | ahn ay-TAHN | while being | Participe Présent & Gérondif |
| en ayant | ahn eh-YAHN | while having | Participe Présent & Gérondif |
| en sachant | ahn sah-SHAHN | while knowing | Participe Présent & Gérondif |
| tout en + gérondif | too tahn | while / even as (adds emphasis or contrast) | Participe Présent & Gérondif |
| la décision | lah day-see-ZYOHN | the decision | Nominalization: Turning Verbs & Adjectives into Nouns |
| le développement | luh day-vlop-MAHN | the development | Nominalization: Turning Verbs & Adjectives into Nouns |
| l'information | lan-for-mah-SYOHN | the information | Nominalization: Turning Verbs & Adjectives into Nouns |
| le paiement | luh peh-MAHN | the payment | Nominalization: Turning Verbs & Adjectives into Nouns |
| le lavage | luh lah-VAHZH | the washing | Nominalization: Turning Verbs & Adjectives into Nouns |
| le nettoyage | luh net-wah-YAHZH | the cleaning | Nominalization: Turning Verbs & Adjectives into Nouns |
| la naissance | lah neh-SAHNS | the birth | Nominalization: Turning Verbs & Adjectives into Nouns |
| la résistance | lah ray-zee-STAHNS | the resistance | Nominalization: Turning Verbs & Adjectives into Nouns |
| la possibilité | lah po-see-bee-lee-TAY | the possibility | Nominalization: Turning Verbs & Adjectives into Nouns |
| la réalité | lah ray-ah-lee-TAY | the reality | Nominalization: Turning Verbs & Adjectives into Nouns |
| redire | ruh-DEER | to say again | Word Formation: Prefixes ré-, dé-, in-/im-, mal- |
| refaire | ruh-FAIR | to redo | Word Formation: Prefixes ré-, dé-, in-/im-, mal- |
| défaire | day-FAIR | to undo | Word Formation: Prefixes ré-, dé-, in-/im-, mal- |
| décourager | day-koo-rah-ZHAY | to discourage | Word Formation: Prefixes ré-, dé-, in-/im-, mal- |
| incapable | an-kah-PAHBL | incapable | Word Formation: Prefixes ré-, dé-, in-/im-, mal- |
| impossible | an-po-SEEBL | impossible | Word Formation: Prefixes ré-, dé-, in-/im-, mal- |
| impatient(e) | an-pah-SYAHN | impatient | Word Formation: Prefixes ré-, dé-, in-/im-, mal- |
| malheureux / malheureuse | mah-luh-RUH / mah-luh-RUHZ | unhappy | Word Formation: Prefixes ré-, dé-, in-/im-, mal- |
| maladroit(e) | mah-lah-DRWAH | clumsy / awkward | Word Formation: Prefixes ré-, dé-, in-/im-, mal- |
| inutile | ee-noo-TEEL | useless | Word Formation: Prefixes ré-, dé-, in-/im-, mal- |
| plus...plus | ploo ploo | the more...the more | plus...plus / moins...moins (The More..., the More...) |
| moins...moins | mwan mwan | the less...the less | plus...plus / moins...moins (The More..., the More...) |
| plus...moins | ploo mwan | the more...the less | plus...plus / moins...moins (The More..., the More...) |
| Plus il travaille, plus il réussit. | ploo eel trah-VYE, ploo eel ray-oo-SEE | The more he works, the more he succeeds. | plus...plus / moins...moins (The More..., the More...) |
| Moins tu dors, plus tu es fatigué. | mwan too dor, ploo too eh fah-tee-GAY | The less you sleep, the more tired you are. | plus...plus / moins...moins (The More..., the More...) |
| bien que | byahn kuh | although | Concessive Clauses: bien que, quoique, malgré |
| quoique | kwah-kuh | although (more literary) | Concessive Clauses: bien que, quoique, malgré |
| malgré | mahl-GRAY | despite | Concessive Clauses: bien que, quoique, malgré |
| Bien qu'il soit riche, il est simple. | byahn keel swah reesh, eel eh sanpl | Although he's rich, he's simple. | Concessive Clauses: bien que, quoique, malgré |
| malgré tout | mahl-GRAY too | despite everything | Concessive Clauses: bien que, quoique, malgré |
| malgré cela | mahl-GRAY suh-lah | despite that | Concessive Clauses: bien que, quoique, malgré |
| si...que | see kuh | so...that | Result Clauses: si...que, tellement...que, si bien que |
| tellement...que | tel-MAHN kuh | so...that (spoken) | Result Clauses: si...que, tellement...que, si bien que |
| tellement de | tel-MAHN duh | so much / so many | Result Clauses: si...que, tellement...que, si bien que |
| si bien que | see byahn kuh | so that / with the result that | Result Clauses: si...que, tellement...que, si bien que |
| Il fait si froid qu'on ne sort pas. | eel feh see frwah kohn nuh sor pah | It's so cold that no one goes out. | Result Clauses: si...que, tellement...que, si bien que |
| Elle avait tellement de travail qu'elle n'a pas dormi. | el ah-veh tel-MAHN duh trah-VYE kel nah pah dor-MEE | She had so much work that she didn't sleep. | Result Clauses: si...que, tellement...que, si bien que |
| pour + infinitif | poor | in order to (same subject) | Purpose Clauses: pour que vs. pour + infinitif |
| pour que + subjonctif | poor kuh | so that (different subject) | Purpose Clauses: pour que vs. pour + infinitif |
| afin de | ah-fan duh | in order to (formal, same subject) | Purpose Clauses: pour que vs. pour + infinitif |
| afin que | ah-fan kuh | so that (formal, different subject) | Purpose Clauses: pour que vs. pour + infinitif |
| Je téléphone pour confirmer. | zhuh tay-lay-fon poor kohn-feer-MAY | I'm calling to confirm. | Purpose Clauses: pour que vs. pour + infinitif |
| Je téléphone pour que tu confirmes. | zhuh tay-lay-fon poor kuh too kohn-FEERM | I'm calling so that you confirm. | Purpose Clauses: pour que vs. pour + infinitif |
| si (whether) | see | whether | Indirect Questions: si and Interrogative Words |
| Je me demande si... | zhuh muh duh-MAHND see | I wonder whether... | Indirect Questions: si and Interrogative Words |
| Je ne sais pas si... | zhuh nuh seh pah see | I don't know whether... | Indirect Questions: si and Interrogative Words |
| ce que | suh kuh | what (embedded, object) | Indirect Questions: si and Interrogative Words |
| ce qui | suh kee | what (embedded, subject) | Indirect Questions: si and Interrogative Words |
| Dis-moi où tu habites. | dee-mwah oo too ah-BEET | Tell me where you live. | Indirect Questions: si and Interrogative Words |
| Je me demande pourquoi il est parti. | zhuh muh duh-MAHND poor-KWAH eel eh par-TEE | I wonder why he left. | Indirect Questions: si and Interrogative Words |
| on | ohn | one / people / we (informal) | Passive Alternatives: on, se faire + infinitif |
| On dit que... | ohn dee kuh | They say that... / It is said that... | Passive Alternatives: on, se faire + infinitif |
| se faire voler | suh fair voh-LAY | to get robbed | Passive Alternatives: on, se faire + infinitif |
| se faire renvoyer | suh fair rahn-vwah-YAY | to get fired | Passive Alternatives: on, se faire + infinitif |
| se faire aider | suh fair eh-DAY | to get help / have someone help you | Passive Alternatives: on, se faire + infinitif |
| Ici, on parle anglais. | ee-see ohn parl ahn-GLEH | English is spoken here. | Passive Alternatives: on, se faire + infinitif |
| d'une part...d'autre part | dun par...doh-truh par | on the one hand...on the other hand | Two-Part Connectors: d'une part...d'autre part |
| d'un côté...de l'autre | dun koh-TAY...duh loh-truh | on one side...on the other | Two-Part Connectors: d'une part...d'autre part |
| non seulement...mais aussi | nohn suhl-MAHN...meh oh-SEE | not only...but also | Two-Part Connectors: d'une part...d'autre part |
| de plus | duh ploos | furthermore | Two-Part Connectors: d'une part...d'autre part |
| en outre | ahn OO-truh | moreover (formal) | Two-Part Connectors: d'une part...d'autre part |
| malgré | mahl-GRAY | despite | Prepositions of Concession, Cause & Duration: malgré, à cause de, pendant |
| à cause de | ah kohz duh | because of | Prepositions of Concession, Cause & Duration: malgré, à cause de, pendant |
| grâce à | grahs ah | thanks to | Prepositions of Concession, Cause & Duration: malgré, à cause de, pendant |
| pendant | pahn-DAHN | during / for | Prepositions of Concession, Cause & Duration: malgré, à cause de, pendant |
| faute de | foht duh | for lack of | Prepositions of Concession, Cause & Duration: malgré, à cause de, pendant |
| à cause du mauvais temps | ah kohz doo moh-veh tahn | because of the bad weather | Prepositions of Concession, Cause & Duration: malgré, à cause de, pendant |
| grâce à ton aide | grahs ah tohn ehd | thanks to your help | Prepositions of Concession, Cause & Duration: malgré, à cause de, pendant |
| le gouvernement | luh goo-vairn-MAHN | the government | Politics & Society |
| la loi | lah lwah | the law | Politics & Society |
| l'élection | lay-lek-SYOHN | the election | Politics & Society |
| le parti (politique) | luh par-TEE (po-lee-TEEK) | the political party | Politics & Society |
| voter | voh-TAY | to vote | Politics & Society |
| la société | lah soh-syay-TAY | society | Politics & Society |
| le citoyen / la citoyenne | luh see-twah-YAN / lah see-twah-YEN | the citizen | Politics & Society |
| la manifestation | lah mah-nee-fes-tah-SYOHN | the protest / demonstration | Politics & Society |
| le débat | luh day-BAH | the debate | Politics & Society |
| la démocratie | lah day-moh-krah-SEE | democracy | Politics & Society |
| la réforme | lah ray-FORM | the reform | Politics & Society |
| l'opinion publique | loh-pee-NYOHN poo-BLEEK | public opinion | Politics & Society |
| l'entreprise | lahn-truh-PREEZ | the company | Economy & Business |
| le marché | luh mar-SHAY | the market | Economy & Business |
| la croissance | lah krwah-SAHNS | growth | Economy & Business |
| le salaire | luh sah-LAIR | the salary | Economy & Business |
| le chômage | luh shoh-MAHZH | unemployment | Economy & Business |
| investir | an-ves-TEER | to invest | Economy & Business |
| la concurrence | lah kohn-koo-RAHNS | competition | Economy & Business |
| la facture | lah fahk-TOOR | the invoice / bill | Economy & Business |
| le budget | luh boo-JEH | the budget | Economy & Business |
| la dette | lah det | the debt | Economy & Business |
| rentable | rahn-TAHBL | profitable | Economy & Business |
| la faillite | lah fah-YEET | bankruptcy | Economy & Business |
| la recherche | lah ruh-SHAIRSH | research | Science & Technology |
| la découverte | lah day-koo-VAIRT | the discovery | Science & Technology |
| l'intelligence artificielle | lan-tel-ee-ZHAHNS ar-tee-fee-SYEL | artificial intelligence | Science & Technology |
| l'ordinateur | lor-dee-nah-TUHR | the computer | Science & Technology |
| le logiciel | luh loh-zhee-SYEL | the software | Science & Technology |
| inventer | an-vahn-TAY | to invent | Science & Technology |
| l'expérience | lex-pay-RYAHNS | the experiment | Science & Technology |
| les données | lay doh-NAY | the data | Science & Technology |
| le réseau | luh ray-ZOH | the network | Science & Technology |
| numérique | noo-may-REEK | digital | Science & Technology |
| la technologie | lah tek-noh-loh-ZHEE | technology | Science & Technology |
| l'innovation | lee-noh-vah-SYOHN | innovation | Science & Technology |
| à mon avis | ah mohn nah-VEE | in my opinion | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| je suis d'accord | zhuh swee dah-KOR | I agree | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| je ne suis pas d'accord | zhuh nuh swee pah dah-KOR | I disagree | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| il me semble que | eel muh SAHNBL kuh | it seems to me that | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| en revanche | ahn ruh-VAHNSH | on the other hand / however | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| par exemple | par eg-ZAHNPL | for example | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| c'est-à-dire | seh-tah-DEER | that is to say | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| il faut reconnaître que | eel foh ruh-koh-NAY-truh kuh | it must be acknowledged that | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| prendre la parole | prahn-druh lah pah-ROL | to take the floor (start speaking) | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| couper la parole | koo-PAY lah pah-ROL | to interrupt | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| un argument | uh nar-goo-MAHN | an argument (a point made) | Discussion & Debate Phrases |
| une œuvre | oon UHV-ruh | a work (of art) | Culture & the Arts |
| un tableau | an tah-BLOH | a painting | Culture & the Arts |
| un roman | an roh-MAHN | a novel | Culture & the Arts |
| un réalisateur / une réalisatrice | an ray-ah-lee-zah-TUHR / oon ray-ah-lee-zah-TREES | a (film) director | Culture & the Arts |
| un spectacle | an spek-TAHKL | a show / performance | Culture & the Arts |
| une exposition | oon ex-poh-zee-SYOHN | an exhibition | Culture & the Arts |
| la peinture | lah pan-TOOR | painting (the art form) | Culture & the Arts |
| la sculpture | lah skoolp-TOOR | sculpture | Culture & the Arts |
| un chef-d'œuvre | an shef-DUHV-ruh | a masterpiece | Culture & the Arts |
| le patrimoine | luh pah-tree-MWAHN | heritage | Culture & the Arts |
| un festival | an fes-tee-VAHL | a festival | Culture & the Arts |
| la critique | lah kree-TEEK | the review / critique | Culture & the Arts |
| augmenter | ohg-mahn-TAY | to increase | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| diminuer | dee-mee-noo-AY | to decrease | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| stagner | stahg-NAY | to stagnate | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| chuter | shoo-TAY | to plummet | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| une courbe | oon koorb | a curve / line (on a graph) | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| un graphique | an grah-FEEK | a graph / chart | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| atteindre un sommet | ah-tandr uhn soh-MEH | to reach a peak | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| une tendance | oon tahn-DAHNS | a trend | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| doubler | doo-BLAY | to double | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| la moitié (de) | lah mwah-TYAY | half (of) | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| rester stable | res-TAY STAHBL | to remain stable | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| passer de...à | pah-SAY duh...ah | to go from...to | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| entre...et | ahn-truh...ay | between...and | Describing a Graph or Chart |
| la dissertation | lah dee-sair-tah-SYOHN | the formal essay | Structuring a Formal Essay (Dissertation) |
| la thèse | lah tez | the thesis | Structuring a Formal Essay (Dissertation) |
| l'antithèse | lahn-tee-TEZ | the antithesis | Structuring a Formal Essay (Dissertation) |
| la synthèse | lah san-TEZ | the synthesis | Structuring a Formal Essay (Dissertation) |
| l'introduction | lan-troh-dook-SYOHN | the introduction | Structuring a Formal Essay (Dissertation) |
| la problématique | lah proh-blay-mah-TEEK | the central question / issue | Structuring a Formal Essay (Dissertation) |
| le plan | luh plahn | the outline / structure | Structuring a Formal Essay (Dissertation) |
| en premier lieu | ahn pruh-MYAY lyuh | firstly | Structuring a Formal Essay (Dissertation) |
| en second lieu | ahn suh-GOHN lyuh | secondly | Structuring a Formal Essay (Dissertation) |
| pour conclure | poor kohn-KLOOR | to conclude | Structuring a Formal Essay (Dissertation) |
| illustrer un argument | ee-loo-STRAY uhn nar-goo-MAHN | to illustrate an argument | Structuring a Formal Essay (Dissertation) |
| la transition | lah trahn-zee-SYOHN | the transition | Structuring a Formal Essay (Dissertation) |
| je partage votre avis | zhuh par-TAHZH voh-truh ah-VEE | I share your opinion | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| je comprends votre point de vue | zhuh kohn-PRAHN voh-truh pwan duh voo | I understand your point of view | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| cependant | suh-pahn-DAHN | however | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| toutefois | toot-FWAH | nevertheless (formal) | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| il convient de nuancer | eel kohn-VYAN duh noo-ahn-SAY | it would be worth nuancing | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| je m'oppose à | zhuh moh-POHZ ah | I am opposed to | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| dans une certaine mesure | dahn zoon sair-TEN muh-ZOOR | to a certain extent | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| tout à fait | too tah FEH | absolutely / entirely | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| absolument pas | ab-soh-loo-MAHN pah | absolutely not | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| sur ce point | soor suh pwan | on this point | Formal Agreement & Disagreement |
| un sondage | an sohn-DAHZH | a survey / poll | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| la majorité | lah mah-zho-ree-TAY | the majority | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| la minorité | lah mee-noh-ree-TAY | the minority | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| un tiers | an tyair | a third | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| environ | ahn-vee-ROHN | approximately | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| en moyenne | ahn mwah-YEN | on average | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| selon une étude | suh-LOHN oon ay-TOOD | according to a study | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| le pourcentage | luh poor-sahn-TAHZH | the percentage | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| une hausse | oon ohs | a rise / increase | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| une baisse | oon behs | a fall / decrease | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| significatif / significative | see-nyee-fee-kah-TEEF | significant | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| un échantillon | an ay-shahn-tee-YOHN | a sample | Trends & Statistics Vocabulary |
| devoir + infinitif | duh-VWAHR | must be (strong inference) | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| il se peut que + subjonctif | eel suh puh kuh | it might be that | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| probablement | proh-bahb-luh-MAHN | probably | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| peut-être | puh-TET-ruh | maybe / perhaps | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| sans doute | sahn doot | no doubt / probably | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| il est possible que + subjonctif | eel eh poh-SEEBL kuh | it's possible that | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| Il doit être tard. | eel dwah teh-truh tar | It must be late. | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| Ça doit coûter cher. | sah dwah koo-TAY shair | That must be expensive. | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| Il se peut qu'il change d'avis. | eel suh puh keel shahnzh dah-VEE | He might change his mind. | Expressing Speculation & Probability |
| quand même | kahn MEHM | still / all the same / at least | Discourse Particles & Fillers: quand même, en fait, du coup, justement |
| en fait | ahn FEH | actually / in fact | Discourse Particles & Fillers: quand même, en fait, du coup, justement |
| du coup | dew KOO | so / as a result (spoken) | Discourse Particles & Fillers: quand même, en fait, du coup, justement |
| justement | zhoost-MAHN | precisely / as it happens | Discourse Particles & Fillers: quand même, en fait, du coup, justement |
| bref | brehf | in short / anyway | Discourse Particles & Fillers: quand même, en fait, du coup, justement |
| enfin | ahn-FAN | anyway / well / finally (softening or resigning) | Discourse Particles & Fillers: quand même, en fait, du coup, justement |
| disons | dee-ZOHN | let's say / sort of | Discourse Particles & Fillers: quand même, en fait, du coup, justement |
| en gros | ahn GROH | roughly / in a nutshell | Discourse Particles & Fillers: quand même, en fait, du coup, justement |
| tu vois | tew VWAH | you see / you know (filler seeking agreement) | Discourse Particles & Fillers: quand même, en fait, du coup, justement |
| quoi | kwah | you know / like (sentence-final filler) | Discourse Particles & Fillers: quand même, en fait, du coup, justement |
| j'aurais aimé | zhoh-REH ay-MAY | I would have liked | Conditionnel Passé: Past Hypotheticals |
| tu aurais dû | tew oh-REH DEW | you should have | Conditionnel Passé: Past Hypotheticals |
| il aurait pu | eel oh-REH PEW | he could have | Conditionnel Passé: Past Hypotheticals |
| si j'avais su... | see zha-VEH SEW | if I had known... | Conditionnel Passé: Past Hypotheticals |
| nous serions venus | noo suh-ree-OHN vuh-NEW | we would have come | Conditionnel Passé: Past Hypotheticals |
| elle aurait voulu | el oh-REH voo-LEW | she would have wanted | Conditionnel Passé: Past Hypotheticals |
| vous auriez dit | voo zoh-ree-AY DEE | you would have said | Conditionnel Passé: Past Hypotheticals |
| ils auraient fait | eel zoh-REH FEH | they would have done | Conditionnel Passé: Past Hypotheticals |
| ça aurait été mieux | sah oh-REH ay-TAY MYUH | that would have been better | Conditionnel Passé: Past Hypotheticals |
| j'aurais préféré | zhoh-REH pray-fay-RAY | I would have preferred | Conditionnel Passé: Past Hypotheticals |
| la décision (de) | lah day-see-ZYOHN | the decision (nominal, from décider) | Style Nominal vs. Style Verbal |
| la mise en œuvre | lah meez ahn UH-vruh | the implementation (nominal, from mettre en œuvre) | Style Nominal vs. Style Verbal |
| le refus (de) | luh ruh-FEW | the refusal (nominal, from refuser) | Style Nominal vs. Style Verbal |
| la hausse (de) | lah OHS | the rise / increase (nominal, from augmenter) | Style Nominal vs. Style Verbal |
| la baisse (de) | lah BESS | the fall / decrease (nominal, from baisser) | Style Nominal vs. Style Verbal |
| l'entrée en vigueur | lahn-TRAY ahn vee-GUHR | coming into effect (nominal, from entrer en vigueur) | Style Nominal vs. Style Verbal |
| suite à | sweet AH | following (connector typical of nominal style) | Style Nominal vs. Style Verbal |
| quant à | kahn TAH | as for / regarding | Style Nominal vs. Style Verbal |
| Il me le donne. | eel muh luh DON | He gives it to me. | Double Object Pronouns & Their Order |
| Je le lui ai dit. | zhuh luh lwee ay DEE | I told it to him. | Double Object Pronouns & Their Order |
| Il nous les envoie. | eel noo lay zahn-VWAH | He sends them to us. | Double Object Pronouns & Their Order |
| Je leur en parle. | zhuh luhr ahn PARL | I talk to them about it. | Double Object Pronouns & Their Order |
| Il y en a beaucoup. | eel ee ahn ah boh-KOO | There's a lot of it. | Double Object Pronouns & Their Order |
| Donne-le-moi ! | don-luh-MWAH | Give it to me! | Double Object Pronouns & Their Order |
| Ne me le donne pas ! | nuh muh luh don PAH | Don't give it to me! | Double Object Pronouns & Their Order |
| Elle se le rappelle. | el suh luh ra-PEL | She remembers it. | Double Object Pronouns & Their Order |
| Tu me la montres ? | tew muh lah MOHN-truh | Will you show it to me? | Double Object Pronouns & Their Order |
| Vous nous en parlerez. | voo noo zahn par-luh-RAY | You'll tell us about it. | Double Object Pronouns & Their Order |
| faire une promesse | fair ewn prom-ESS | to make a promise | Function Verb Constructions: faire/prendre/avoir + Noun |
| prendre une décision | prahn-druh ewn day-see-ZYOHN | to make a decision | Function Verb Constructions: faire/prendre/avoir + Noun |
| poser une question | poh-ZAY ewn kes-TYOHN | to ask a question | Function Verb Constructions: faire/prendre/avoir + Noun |
| avoir besoin de | ah-VWAHR buh-ZWAHN duh | to need | Function Verb Constructions: faire/prendre/avoir + Noun |
| avoir peur de | ah-VWAHR PUHR duh | to be afraid of | Function Verb Constructions: faire/prendre/avoir + Noun |
| faire attention à | fair ah-tahn-SYOHN ah | to pay attention to | Function Verb Constructions: faire/prendre/avoir + Noun |
| prendre part à | prahn-druh par AH | to take part in | Function Verb Constructions: faire/prendre/avoir + Noun |
| avoir l'intention de | ah-VWAHR lan-tahn-SYOHN duh | to intend to | Function Verb Constructions: faire/prendre/avoir + Noun |
| faire un effort | fair uhn eh-FOR | to make an effort | Function Verb Constructions: faire/prendre/avoir + Noun |
| prendre conscience de | prahn-druh kohn-SYAHNS duh | to become aware of | Function Verb Constructions: faire/prendre/avoir + Noun |
| se rendre compte de | suh rahn-druh KOHNT duh | to realize | Function Verb Constructions: faire/prendre/avoir + Noun |
| avoir recours à | ah-VWAHR ruh-KOOR ah | to resort to / have recourse to | Function Verb Constructions: faire/prendre/avoir + Noun |
| cependant | suh-pahn-DAHN | however / yet | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| néanmoins | nay-ahn-MWAHN | nevertheless | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| en revanche | ahn ruh-VAHNSH | on the other hand | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| or | OR | now / and yet (argumentative pivot) | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| par conséquent | par kohn-say-KAHN | consequently | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| de ce fait | duh suh FEH | as a result | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| toutefois | toot-FWAH | nevertheless / however | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| ainsi | an-SEE | thus / in this way | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| par ailleurs | par ah-YUHR | furthermore / moreover | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| en outre | ahn OO-truh | furthermore / besides | Advanced Discourse Connectors |
| il fut / ils furent | eel FEW / eel FEWR | he was / they were (être) | Passé Simple: The Literary Past Tense |
| il eut / ils eurent | eel EW / eel EWR | he had / they had (avoir) | Passé Simple: The Literary Past Tense |
| il fit / ils firent | eel FEET / eel FEER | he did/made / they did (faire) | Passé Simple: The Literary Past Tense |
| il vint / ils vinrent | eel VAN / eel VAN-ruh | he came / they came (venir) | Passé Simple: The Literary Past Tense |
| il prit / ils prirent | eel PREE / eel PREER | he took / they took (prendre) | Passé Simple: The Literary Past Tense |
| il vit / ils virent | eel VEE / eel VEER | he saw / they saw (voir) | Passé Simple: The Literary Past Tense |
| il dit / ils dirent | eel DEE / eel DEER | he said / they said (dire) | Passé Simple: The Literary Past Tense |
| il naquit / ils naquirent | eel na-KEE / eel na-KEER | he was born / they were born (naître) | Passé Simple: The Literary Past Tense |
| il mourut / ils moururent | eel moo-REW / eel moo-REWR | he died / they died (mourir) | Passé Simple: The Literary Past Tense |
| il parla / ils parlèrent | eel par-LAH / eel par-LAIR | he spoke / they spoke (parler, regular -er) | Passé Simple: The Literary Past Tense |
| il finit / ils finirent | eel fee-NEE / eel fee-NEER | he finished / they finished (finir, regular -ir) | Passé Simple: The Literary Past Tense |
| il vendit / ils vendirent | eel vahn-DEE / eel vahn-DEER | he sold / they sold (vendre, regular -re) | Passé Simple: The Literary Past Tense |
| au fait | oh FEH | by the way | Attitude & Nuance Markers: au fait, franchement, tout de même, décidément |
| franchement | frahnsh-MAHN | frankly / honestly | Attitude & Nuance Markers: au fait, franchement, tout de même, décidément |
| tout de même | too duh MEHM | still / all the same (mild indignation) | Attitude & Nuance Markers: au fait, franchement, tout de même, décidément |
| décidément | day-see-day-MAHN | really / decidedly (noticed pattern) | Attitude & Nuance Markers: au fait, franchement, tout de même, décidément |
| à vrai dire | ah vreh DEER | to tell the truth | Attitude & Nuance Markers: au fait, franchement, tout de même, décidément |
| en tout cas | ahn too KAH | in any case | Attitude & Nuance Markers: au fait, franchement, tout de même, décidément |
| il faut dire que | eel foh deer KUH | it must be said that | Attitude & Nuance Markers: au fait, franchement, tout de même, décidément |
| ceci dit | suh-SEE DEE | that said / having said that | Attitude & Nuance Markers: au fait, franchement, tout de même, décidément |
| que j'aie fait | kuh zhay FEH | that I did / have done (subj.) | Subjonctif Passé & Advanced Subjunctive Triggers |
| que tu sois parti(e) | kuh tew swah par-TEE | that you left (subj.) | Subjonctif Passé & Advanced Subjunctive Triggers |
| qu'il ait pu | keel ay PEW | that he was able to (subj.) | Subjonctif Passé & Advanced Subjunctive Triggers |
| le meilleur ... que j'aie jamais vu | luh may-YUHR kuh zhay zha-MEH VEW | the best ... I've ever seen | Subjonctif Passé & Advanced Subjunctive Triggers |
| le seul qui soit venu | luh SUHL kee swah vuh-NEW | the only one who came | Subjonctif Passé & Advanced Subjunctive Triggers |
| je doute que | zhuh doot KUH | I doubt that | Subjonctif Passé & Advanced Subjunctive Triggers |
| il est rare que | eel ay rar KUH | it's rare that | Subjonctif Passé & Advanced Subjunctive Triggers |
| il est impossible que | eel ay tan-po-SEE-bluh kuh | it's impossible that | Subjonctif Passé & Advanced Subjunctive Triggers |
| avant qu'il n'ait fini | ah-vahn keel neh fee-NEE | before he had finished | Subjonctif Passé & Advanced Subjunctive Triggers |
| dès que | deh KUH | as soon as | Fine-Grained Conditionals: dès que, pourvu que, à condition que, au cas où |
| pourvu que | poor-VEW kuh | provided that / let's hope | Fine-Grained Conditionals: dès que, pourvu que, à condition que, au cas où |
| à condition que | ah kohn-dee-SYOHN kuh | on condition that | Fine-Grained Conditionals: dès que, pourvu que, à condition que, au cas où |
| au cas où | oh kah OO | in case | Fine-Grained Conditionals: dès que, pourvu que, à condition que, au cas où |
| à moins que | ah mwan KUH | unless | Fine-Grained Conditionals: dès que, pourvu que, à condition que, au cas où |
| jusqu'à ce que | zhoos-kah suh KUH | until | Fine-Grained Conditionals: dès que, pourvu que, à condition que, au cas où |
| avant que | ah-vahn KUH | before | Fine-Grained Conditionals: dès que, pourvu que, à condition que, au cas où |
| sans que | sahn KUH | without (someone doing/knowing) | Fine-Grained Conditionals: dès que, pourvu que, à condition que, au cas où |
| avoir le cafard | ah-VWAHR luh ka-FAR | to feel down / blue | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| poser un lapin à quelqu'un | poh-ZAY uhn la-PAN ah kel-KUHN | to stand someone up | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| coûter les yeux de la tête | koo-TAY lay zyuh duh lah TEHT | to cost a fortune / an arm and a leg | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| avoir un chat dans la gorge | ah-VWAHR uhn shah dahn lah GORZH | to have a frog in one's throat | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| casser les pieds à quelqu'un | ka-SAY lay pyay ah kel-KUHN | to annoy / bore someone | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| appeler un chat un chat | ah-play uhn shah uhn SHAH | to call a spade a spade | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| avoir la pêche | ah-VWAHR lah PESH | to feel great / full of energy | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| tomber dans les pommes | tohn-BAY dahn lay POM | to faint | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| il pleut des cordes | eel pluh day KORD | it's raining cats and dogs | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| mettre son grain de sel | MEH-truh sohn gran duh SEL | to put in one's two cents (unsolicited) | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| filer à l'anglaise | fee-LAY ah lahn-GLEZ | to leave without saying goodbye | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| être dans la lune | EH-truh dahn lah LEWN | to be daydreaming | Idioms & Figurative Language |
| Je ne sais pas. → Je sais pas. | zhuh nuh seh PAH → zhuh seh PAH | I don't know (formal → colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial French |
| Je suis → Chuis | zhuh SWEE → SHWEE | I am (formal → colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial French |
| Tu as → T'as | tew AH → TAH | you have (formal → colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial French |
| Il y a → Y'a | eel ee AH → YAH | there is (formal → colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial French |
| la voiture → la bagnole | lah vwah-TEWR → lah ban-YOL | the car (formal → colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial French |
| l'argent → le fric | lar-ZHAHN → luh FREEK | money (formal → colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial French |
| un homme → un mec | uh NOM → uh MEK | a guy / man (formal → colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial French |
| manger → bouffer | mahn-ZHAY → boo-FAY | to eat (formal → colloquial) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial French |
| une femme → une meuf | ewn FAM → ewn MUHF | a woman (verlan) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial French |
| un flic → un keuf | uh FLEEK → uh KUHF | a cop (verlan) | Register Switching: Formal vs. Colloquial French |
| l'hypothèse | lee-po-TEZ | the hypothesis | Academic & Scientific Register |
| démontrer | day-mohn-TRAY | to demonstrate | Academic & Scientific Register |
| le corpus | luh kor-PEWS | the corpus (of data/texts) | Academic & Scientific Register |
| la méthodologie | lah may-toh-doh-loh-ZHEE | the methodology | Academic & Scientific Register |
| l'échantillon | lay-shahn-tee-YOHN | the sample | Academic & Scientific Register |
| la variable | lah vah-ree-AH-bluh | the variable | Academic & Scientific Register |
| en conclusion | ahn kohn-klew-ZYOHN | in conclusion | Academic & Scientific Register |
| il convient de noter que | eel kohn-vyan duh noh-TAY kuh | it should be noted that | Academic & Scientific Register |
| dans la mesure où | dahn lah muh-ZEWR oo | insofar as | Academic & Scientific Register |
| la problématique | lah proh-blay-ma-TEEK | the research question / issue | Academic & Scientific Register |
| réfuter | ray-few-TAY | to refute | Academic & Scientific Register |
| les travaux antérieurs | lay tra-VOH ahn-tay-ree-UHR | prior research / previous works | Academic & Scientific Register |
| le plaignant / la plaignante | luh plan-YAHN / lah plan-YAHNT | the plaintiff | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| l'avocat(e) | lah-voh-KAH(T) | the lawyer | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| le tribunal | luh tree-bew-NAL | the court | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| le contrat | luh kohn-TRAH | the contract | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| ledit / ladite | luh-DEE / lah-DEET | the aforementioned | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| nonobstant | noh-nohb-STAHN | notwithstanding | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| sous réserve de | soo ray-ZERV duh | subject to | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| conformément à | kohn-for-may-MAHN ah | in accordance with | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| le/la requérant(e) | luh/lah ruh-kay-RAHN(T) | the applicant / petitioner | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| la clause | lah KLOHZ | the clause | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| entrer en vigueur | ahn-tray ahn vee-GUHR | to come into effect | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| la mise en demeure | lah meez ahn duh-MUHR | the formal notice (legal warning) | Legal & Bureaucratic Vocabulary |
| l'ordre du jour | lor-druh dew ZHOOR | the agenda | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| le compte-rendu | luh kohnt-rahn-DEW | the minutes / report | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| prendre la parole | prahn-druh lah pa-ROL | to take the floor | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| à ce sujet | ah suh sew-ZHEH | on this subject | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| je voudrais souligner que | zhuh voo-DREH soo-leen-YAY kuh | I would like to emphasize that | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| revenons-en à | ruh-vuh-nohn-ZAHN ah | let's get back to | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| si je puis me permettre | see zhuh PWEE muh per-MEH-truh | if I may | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| faire le point sur | fair luh pwan SEWR | to take stock of / review | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| passons au point suivant | pah-SOHN oh pwan swee-VAHN | let's move to the next point | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| s'il n'y a pas d'objection | seel nyah pah dob-zhek-SYOHN | if there's no objection | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| en résumé | ahn ray-zew-MAY | in summary | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| clôturer la réunion | kloh-tew-RAY lah ray-ew-NYOHN | to close the meeting | Professional Meetings & Presentations |
| le/la journaliste | luh/lah zhoor-na-LEEST | the journalist | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| l'éditorial | lay-dee-toh-ree-AL | the editorial | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| le reportage | luh ruh-por-TAZH | the news report | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| la chronique | lah kroh-NEEK | the column | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| la métaphore | lah may-ta-FOR | the metaphor | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| le ton | luh TOHN | the tone | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| la manchette | lah mahn-SHET | the headline | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| le récit | luh ray-SEE | the narrative | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| le point de vue | luh pwan duh VEW | the point of view / perspective | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| la satire | lah sa-TEER | satire | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| l'intrigue | lan-TREEG | the plot | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| la critique | lah kree-TEEK | the review / critique | Literary & Journalistic Style |
| l'ironie | lee-roh-NEE | irony | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| le second degré | luh suh-GOHN duh-GRAY | deadpan / ironic humor (not meant literally) | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| la blague | lah BLAHG | the joke | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| l'humour noir | lew-MOOR nwahr | black / dark humor | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| au sens propre | oh sahns PROP-ruh | in the literal sense | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| au sens figuré | oh sahns fee-gew-RAY | in the figurative sense | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| le jeu de mots | luh zhuh duh MOH | the pun / wordplay | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| au premier degré | oh pruh-myay duh-GRAY | taking something at face value | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| l'autodérision | loh-toh-day-ree-ZYOHN | self-deprecating humor | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| ça n'a pas de prix | sah nah pah duh PREE | that's priceless (can be sincere or sarcastic) | Humor, Irony & Cultural Nuance |
| l'auteur soutient que | loh-TUHR soo-TYAHN kuh | the author argues that | Summarizing a Text (Résumé) |
| le texte traite de | luh tekst treht duh | the text deals with | Summarizing a Text (Résumé) |
| l'idée principale | lee-day pran-see-PAL | the main idea | Summarizing a Text (Résumé) |
| en résumé | ahn ray-zew-MAY | in summary | Summarizing a Text (Résumé) |
| selon l'auteur | suh-LOHN loh-TUHR | according to the author | Summarizing a Text (Résumé) |
| l'auteur souligne que | loh-TUHR soo-LEEN kuh | the author emphasizes that | Summarizing a Text (Résumé) |
| il ressort de ce texte que | eel ruh-SOR duh suh tekst kuh | it emerges from this text that | Summarizing a Text (Résumé) |
| en somme | ahn SOM | all in all | Summarizing a Text (Résumé) |
| reformuler | ruh-for-mew-LAY | to rephrase / paraphrase | Summarizing a Text (Résumé) |
| l'argument central | lar-gew-MAHN sahn-TRAL | the central argument | Summarizing a Text (Résumé) |
| certes...mais | sair-TUH...meh | granted...but | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| il est vrai que...cependant | ee leh vreh kuh...suh-pahn-DAHN | it's true that...however | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| on pourrait objecter que | ohn poo-REH ob-zhek-TAY kuh | one could object that | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| loin de moi l'idée de nier que | lwan duh mwah lee-DAY duh nyay kuh | far be it from me to deny that | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| il n'en demeure pas moins que | eel nahn duh-MUHR pah mwan kuh | that said, it remains true that | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| à l'inverse | ah lan-VERS | conversely | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| nuancer | new-ahn-SAY | to nuance / qualify (a statement) | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| il convient de relativiser | eel kohn-vyan duh ruh-la-tee-vee-ZAY | it should be put into perspective | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| dans une certaine mesure | dahn zewn ser-TEN muh-ZEWR | to a certain extent | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| cela dit | suh-LAH DEE | that said | Nuanced Counter-Argumentation |
| la note de service | lah not duh ser-VEES | the memo | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| à l'attention de | ah la-tahn-SYOHN duh | for the attention of | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| veuillez trouver ci-joint | vuh-YAY troo-VAY see-ZHWAN | please find attached | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| dans l'attente de votre réponse | dahn la-TAHNT duh vot-ruh ray-POHNS | awaiting your response | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| veuillez agréer mes salutations distinguées | vuh-YAY ah-gray-AY may sa-lew-ta-SYOHN dee-stan-GAY | yours sincerely (formal closing) | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| je vous prie de bien vouloir | zhuh voo PREE duh byan voo-LWAHR | I kindly request that you | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| faire suite à | fair sweet AH | further to / following up on | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| ci-dessous | see-duh-SOO | below | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| ci-joint | see-ZHWAN | attached / enclosed | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| dans les meilleurs délais | dahn lay may-YUHR day-LEH | as soon as possible | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| n'hésitez pas à me contacter | nay-zee-tay pah ah muh kohn-tak-TAY | don't hesitate to contact me | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| cordialement | kor-dyal-MAHN | best regards (semi-formal closing) | Professional Correspondence: Memos & Formal Emails |
| la problématique | lah proh-blay-ma-TEEK | the central question / issue | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| le plan | luh PLAHN | the outline / structure | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| dans un premier temps | dahn zuhn pruh-myay TAHN | firstly / as a first step | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| ensuite | ahn-SWEET | next | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| pour conclure | poor kohn-KLEWR | to conclude | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| l'enjeu | lahn-ZHUH | the stake / what's at issue | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| soulever une question | soo-luh-VAY ewn kes-TYOHN | to raise a question | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| articuler autour de | ar-tee-kew-LAY oh-TOOR duh | to be structured around | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| en guise d'introduction | ahn geez dan-troh-dewk-SYOHN | by way of introduction | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| il s'agira de voir | eel sa-zhee-RAH duh VWAHR | what we'll examine is | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| pour résumer | poor ray-zew-MAY | to summarize | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |
| je vous remercie de votre attention | zhuh voo ruh-mer-SEE duh vot-ruh ah-tahn-SYOHN | thank you for your attention | Structuring an Abstract Presentation |