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Lesson 48B2

Passive Alternatives: sein...zu, sich lassen

Passive के विकल्प: sein...zu, sich lassen

German has two extremely common shortcuts for saying something 'can be' or 'must be' done, without ever building a werden-passive — in actual usage, even more popular than können/müssen + passive.

Grammar Comparison

व्याकरण तुलना

sein + zu + infinitive: necessity or possibility, depending on context

German

Die Aufgabe ist zu erledigen. / Der Fehler ist leicht zu erkennen.

Hindi

काम पूरा किया जाना है। / गलती आसानी से पहचानी जा सकती है।

sein conjugates normally in second position, and zu + infinitive goes to the end, in the same word order as a modal passive — but there's no modal verb here and no werden anywhere. Whether the meaning leans toward 'must' or 'can' depends on context and any accompanying adverb: leicht zu ('easily', hinting at possibility) leans toward a können-like meaning, while sofort zu ('immediately', hinting at necessity) leans toward müssen. This construction is extremely common in instructions, official notices, and written German generally.

sich lassen + infinitive: 'can be done', an active-looking alternative to können + passive

German

Das Problem lässt sich lösen. (The problem can be solved.)

Hindi

समस्या सुलझाई जा सकती है।

This construction is grammatically active and reflexive — the subject (das Problem) is technically the thing lassen is 'letting' happen, not an active agent — but its meaning is exactly the same as Das Problem kann gelöst werden. There's no direct equivalent structure in Hindi or English, so learn to recognize sich lassen + infinitive as meaning 'can be done' on sight, rather than trying to translate it word by word.

The -bar suffix: a close adjective alternative, like Hindi's '-योग्य'

German

lösbar, essbar, sichtbar (solvable, edible, visible)

Hindi

सुलझाने योग्य, खाने योग्य, दिखाई देने वाला

Adding -bar directly to a verb stem builds an adjective meaning 'able to be [verb]ed' — lösen → lösbar, essen → essbar, sehen → sichtbar. Hindi's '-योग्य' suffix (सुलझाने योग्य, खाने योग्य) works in exactly this spirit, making this the easiest and most memorable of the three alternatives.

Vocabulary

शब्दावली

GermanPronunciationHindiEnglish
ist zu erledigenist tsoo air-LAY-di-genपूरा किया जाना हैpūrā kiyā jānā haiis to be done
ist zu erkennenist tsoo air-KEN-enपहचाना जा सकता हैpahcānā jā saktā haican be recognized
lässt sich lösenlest zikh LUR-zenसुलझाया जा सकता हैsuljhāyā jā saktā haican be solved
lässt sich machenlest zikh MAH-khenकिया जा सकता हैkiyā jā saktā haican be done
lässt sich reparierenlest zikh reh-pah-REE-renठीक किया जा सकता हैṭhīk kiyā jā saktā haican be repaired
lösbarLUR-zbarसुलझाने योग्यsuljhāne yogyasolvable
essbarES-barखाने योग्यkhāne yogyaedible
sichtbarZIKHT-barदिखाई देने वालाdikhāī dene vālāvisible
machbarMAHKH-barकरने योग्य / संभवkarne yogya / sambhavfeasible/doable
erreichbarair-RYKH-barपहुँच योग्यpahuñc yogyareachable/attainable