Plural Nouns
बहुवचन संज्ञाएँ
Spanish pluralizes nouns by adding -s or -es depending on the ending — a simple, mostly uniform rule. Hindi's plurals also depend on the noun's ending and gender, but with several different patterns rather than one, so 'it depends on the word' won't be a new idea.
Grammar Comparison
व्याकरण तुलना
Vowel-ending nouns just add -s
libro → libros (book → books), casa → casas (house → houses)
किताब → किताबें (एँ जोड़ी जाती है)
Any Spanish noun ending in a vowel simply adds -s to become plural — one uniform rule, no exceptions to memorize at this stage. Hindi's plurals are less uniform: masculine आ-ending nouns often shift to ए (लड़का → लड़के), while many feminine nouns take एँ (किताब → किताबें) — so where Spanish gives you one rule to learn, Hindi asks you to notice which pattern a noun already belongs to.
Consonant-ending nouns add -es
profesor → profesores (teacher → teachers), ciudad → ciudades (city → cities)
शहर → शहर (हिंदी में अक्सर बहुवचन में कोई बदलाव नहीं होता)
Spanish nouns ending in a consonant add -es instead of just -s, mainly so the word stays pronounceable — profesors would be awkward to say, profesores flows naturally. Interestingly, many Hindi nouns (like शहर, 'city') don't change at all in the plural, relying on context or a number word instead — one of the rare spots where Spanish actually marks the plural more consistently than Hindi does.
Vocabulary
शब्दावली
| Spanish | Pronunciation | Hindi | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| libro / libros | LEE-broh / LEE-brohs | किताब / किताबेंkitāb / kitābeñ | book / books |
| casa / casas | KAH-sah / KAH-sahs | घर / घरghar / ghar | house / houses |
| profesor / profesores | proh-feh-SOR / proh-feh-SOH-rehs | शिक्षक / शिक्षकśikṣak / śikṣak | teacher / teachers |
| ciudad / ciudades | syoo-DAHD / syoo-DAH-dehs | शहर / शहरśahar / śahar | city / cities |
| flor / flores | flor / FLOH-rehs | फूल / फूलphūl / phūl | flower / flowers |
| luz / luces | loos / LOO-sehs | रोशनी / रोशनियाँrośnī / rośniyāñ | light / lights |